Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America

Zhang, Leiming; Blanchard, Pierrette; Prestbo, Eric M.; Risch, Martin R.; Johnson, D. Kent; Narayan, J.; Zsolway, R.; Holsen, Thomas M.; Miller, Eric K.; Castro, Mark S.; Graydon, Jennifer A.; Louis, Vincent L. St.; Dalziel, J.

doi:10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012

Cited by 90 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…It is possible that GOM and FPBM were scavenged by dry deposition before the precipitation event occurred because of relatively higher contributions of GOM and PBM to Hg dry deposition at MD08 and OH02 than sites without point sources [Zhang et al, 2012b]. These results share similar findings with modeled Hg deposition using the GEOS-Chem model that suggested domestic anthropogenic sources only contributed 10-22% of the total Hg wet deposition in the U.S. [Zhang et al, 2012c].…”

Section: 1002/2015jd023769supporting

confidence: 80%

“…The product of the two variables is the Hg wet deposition rate. Further details on instrument operation, calibration, and maintenance as well as data quality assurance procedures for the two monitoring networks are available from National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP's) website [NADP, 2015a[NADP, , 2015b and were also summarized by Zhang et al [2012b] for the AMNet data and Prestbo and Gay [2009] for the MDN data.…”

Section: 1002/2015jd023769mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Cheng¹,

Zhang²,

Mao

2015

JGR Atmospheres

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Relative contributions to mercury wet deposition by gaseous oxidized mercury (%GOM) and fine and coarse particle-bound mercury (%FPBM and %CPBM) were estimated making use of monitored FPBM air concentration and mercury wet deposition at nine North American locations. Scavenging ratios of particulate inorganic ions (K + and Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Na + ) were used as a surrogate for those of FPBM and CPBM, respectively. FPBM and CPBM were estimated to contribute 8-36% and 5-27%, respectively, depending on the location, to total wet deposition. The rest of the 39-87% was attributed to the contribution of GOM. The average %GOM, %FPBM and %CPBM among all locations were 65%, 17%, and 18%, respectively. The relative distributions of %GOM, %FPBM, and %CPBM were influenced by Hg(II) gas-particle partitioning, urban site characteristics, and precipitation type. At the regional scale, %GOM dominated over %FPBM and %CPBM. However, the sum of FPBM and CPBM contributed to nearly half of the total Hg wet deposition in urban areas, which was greater than other site categories and is attributed to higher FPBM air concentrations. At four locations, %FPBM exceeded %GOM during winter in contrast to summer, suggesting the efficient snow scavenging of aerosols. The results from this study are useful in improving mercury transport models since most of these models do not estimate CPBM, but frequently use monitored mercury wet deposition data for model evaluation.

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Section: 1002/2015jd023769supporting

confidence: 80%

Section: 1002/2015jd023769mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Cheng¹,

Zhang²,

Mao

2015

JGR Atmospheres

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“…These studies estimated deposition fluxes using data of throughfall and litterfall, which provide a reasonable estimate of total dry deposition in forest ecosystems (St Louis et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2012). However, due to the incomplete understanding of the sources of Hg in litterfall, air-foliage Hg exchange and dry deposition to forest soil, these estimates should be considered approximate.…”

Section: Atmospheric Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al (2009) reviewed the dry deposition velocities of different atmospheric Hg forms. Using the measured concentrations of atmospheric Hg species and modeled dry deposition velocities, Zhang et al (2012) estimated the speciated and total Hg dry deposition fluxes in eastern and central North America. The result suggested that dry deposition flux of Hg is comparable to the wet deposition flux in North America.…”

Section: Atmospheric Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review

et al. 2015

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Abstract. China presently contributes the largest amount of anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emission into the atmosphere in the world. Over the past decade, numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the concentration and forms of atmospheric Hg in China, which provide insights into the spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric Hg through ground-based measurements at widely diverse geographical locations and during cruise and flight campaigns. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the state of understanding in atmospheric Hg in China. Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and particulate-bound mercury (PBM) measured at the remote sites in China are substantially elevated compared to the background values in the Northern Hemisphere. In Chinese urban areas, the highly elevated GEM, PBM and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) were mainly derived from local anthropogenic Hg emissions, whereas regional anthropogenic emissions and long-range transport from domestic source regions are the primary causes of the elevated GEM and PBM concentrations at remote sites. Using 7-9 years of continuous observations at a remote site and an urban site, a slight increase in atmospheric GEM (2.4-2.5 % yr −1 ) was identified (paired samples test: p < 0.01), which is in agreement with the increasing domestic anthropogenic emissions. Anthropogenic GEM emission quantity in China estimated through the observed GEM / CO concentration ratios ranged from 632 to 1138 t annually over the past decade, 2-3 times larger than published values using emission activity data. Modeling results and filed measurements show dry deposition is the predominant process for removing Hg from the atmosphere, 2.5-9.0 times larger than wet deposition, due to the elevated atmospheric GEM and PBM concentrations that facilitate dry deposition to terrestrial landscapes. Further studies to reconcile the observed and simulated Hg concentrations, to understand the impact of domestic emission reduction on Hg concentration and deposition and to delineate the role of Hg emission and deposition of China in the global Hg biogeochemical cycle, are needed.

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“…In general there is a paucity of high-quality mercury air-surface exchange data sets (Zhang et al, 2009(Zhang et al, , 2012 and, in particular, a lack of representative data on the cycling of natural emissions of mercury to and from the atmosphere (Pirrone et al, 2010;Selin, 2009;Gustin et al, 2008;Schroeder et al, 2005). The atmosphere is the central pathway for distribution of this neurotoxicant globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-surface exchange measurements of gaseous elemental mercury over naturally enriched and background terrestrial landscapes in Australia

Edwards

Howard²

2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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This paper presents the first gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) air-surface exchange measurements obtained over naturally enriched and background (<0.1 μg g⁻¹ Hg) terrestrial landscapes in Australia. Two pilot field studies were carried out during the Australian autumn and winter periods at a copper-gold-cobalt-arsenic-mercury mineral field near Pulganbar, NSW. GEM fluxes using a dynamic flux chamber approach were measured, along with controlling environmental parameters over three naturally enriched and three background substrates. The enriched sites results showed net emission to the atmosphere and a strong correlation between flux and substrate Hg concentration, with average fluxes ranging from 14 ± 1 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ to 113 ± 6 ng m⁻² h⁻¹. Measurements at background sites showed both emission and deposition. The average Hg flux from all background sites showed an overall net emission of 0.36 ± 0.06 ng m⁻² h⁻¹. Fluxes show strong relationships with temperature, radiation, and substrate parameters. A compensation point of 2.48, representative of bare soils was determined. For periods of deposition, dry deposition velocities ranged from 0.00025 cm s⁻¹ to 0.0083 cm s⁻¹ with an average of 0.0041 ± 0.00018 cm s⁻¹, representing bare soil, nighttime conditions. Comparison of the Australian data to North American data suggests the need for Australian-specific mercury air-surface exchange data representative of Australia's unique climatic conditions, vegetation types, land use patterns and soils

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Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America

Cited by 90 publications

References 59 publications

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review

Air-surface exchange measurements of gaseous elemental mercury over naturally enriched and background terrestrial landscapes in Australia

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