Estimation of reservoir fluid saturation from seismic data: amplitude analysis and impedance inversion as a function of noise

Analysis of fat, fatty acid profile, and salt content of Iranian restaurant foods during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis

“…Trans fatty acids intake should be as low as possible within the context of a nutritionally balanced diet (Souza & Lumley, 2015 ). An excessive intake of TFAs has been linked with an increase in coronary heart disease risk factors and coronary heart disease events (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products & Allergies, 2010 ).…”

4D Seismic Bandwidth and Resolution Analysis for Reservoir Fluidflow Model Applications

“…In general, geological models conditioned by 3D broadband seismic data are likely to be more consistent with the geological settings. Arguably, broadband seismic data reduce the uncertainty in Pwave impedance (IP) estimates by helping to constrain the addition of low-frequency information incorporated from well data or a priori models during the seismic inversion process (Souza et al, 2017).…”

CO2 rock physics modeling for reliable monitoring of geologic carbon storage

“…Time-lapse seismic monitoring methods (e.g., surface seismic surveys, vertical seismic profiling, and cross-well seismic monitoring) provide indirect measurements of CO 2 and reservoir properties in the deep subsurface of geologic carbon storage (GCS) sites [2][3][4] . Rock physics models are crucial for interpreting seismic monitoring data to enable accounting of subsurface changes associated with CO 2 injection and migration, as 4D (the 3D space and time) anomalies using seismic data are converted to CO 2 saturation maps.…”

“…Typically, calculating seismic velocity variations required for forward seismic modeling are calculated as a function of CO 2 saturation using the Gassmann equations 6 . The Gassmann-Biot fluid substitution theory 6,7 has been commonly employed in estimating changes in the seismic response caused by fluid injection or leakage 4,8,9 and is widely used in seismic reflection data analyses in hydrocarbon exploration and CO 2 enhanced oil recovery 10 . Since fluids have no shear modulus, the predicted changes in the S-wave velocity is very minimal (on the order of 1% change) because there is only a change in the density of the fluid phase with the injected CO 2 .…”

“…3 National Energy Technology Laboratory, ORISE, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 4 University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology and Environmental Science, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 5 Tom Bratton, LLC, Littleton, CO, USA.…”