Estimation of regional surface deformation post the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in the Kachchh region, Western India using RADAR interferometry

Introduction to Geology of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India

“…The youthfulness of the topography in terms of neotectonics is characterized by young features like fault scarps, receding scarps, deep bedrock gorges, caves, canyons, triangular facets, mountain fronts, deep valley incisions, warpings, gullied surface, meanders, offset, deflected and anastomosing drainages, knick points. The Quaternary tectonic activities along various faults of the Kutch Basin is also confirmed by implementing Neotectonic, tectono-geomorphic and paleoseismic, GIS, and Remote sensing aspects (Thakkar et al 1999(Thakkar et al , 2001(Thakkar et al , 2012a(Thakkar et al , b, 2018a(Thakkar et al , b, 2020aRajendran and Rajendran 2001;Maurya et al 2003aMaurya et al , b, c, 2008Maurya et al , 2013Maurya et al , 2016Patidar et al 2007;Malik et al 2008Malik et al , 2017Prizomwala et al 2014aPrizomwala et al , b, 2016aPrizomwala et al , b, 2019Goyal et al 2015;Kothyari et al 2015Kothyari et al , 2016aKothyari et al , b, c, 2018Kothyari et al , 2019Kothyari et al , 2020aKothyari et al , b, 2021Das et al 2016aDas et al , b, 2017Das et al , 2020Padmalal et al 2019;Bhattacharya et al 2019;Dumka et al 2019;Shaikh et al 2019Shaikh et al , 2020Kandregula et al 2020Kandregula et al , 2021Lakhote et al 2020a, b;Rajendran et al 2020;Mishra et al 2020, Jani et al 2021. Dumka et al (2019) worked out a Global Positioning Syste...…”

Assessment of Active Ground Subsidence in the Dibrugarh and Digboi Areas of Assam, Northeast India, Using the PSInSAR Technique

“…To accurately estimate a terrain's vertical displacement at a local to regional scale, this method can be extremely useful [2,26,27]. Infrastructure and the environment may be negatively impacted by the ground deformation and subsidence caused by drilling and fracking-induced seismicity during conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon exploration [3,4,9,[28][29][30][31][32]. Thus, remote sensing-based active monitoring is crucial in identifying possible hazards posed by industrial activities before it is too late to implement corrective measures [9].…”

Active tectonics in the Main Boundary Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya, as evident from palaeoseismic signatures, morphotectonic features and PSI base ground deformation

“…The ground deformation (uplift/subsidence) in the active thrust/fault/fold belt is the most owing to the movement along active faults (Dumka et al, 2018; Kandregula et al, 2021; Kothyari et al, 2021; Lakhote et al, 2020). The active ground subsidence in rapidly growing urban regions is also associated with the over‐extraction of sub‐surface water (Malik et al, 2021; Perissin, 2015; Perissin et al, 2011; Perissin & Wang, 2011).…”

“…The active ground subsidence in rapidly growing urban regions is also associated with the over‐extraction of sub‐surface water (Malik et al, 2021; Perissin, 2015; Perissin et al, 2011; Perissin & Wang, 2011). The ground deformation in the form of land uplift and subsidence is expressed by the presence of tensional cracks on the ground, frequent occurrence of landslides, folding/faulting of recent sediments, formation of sag or pressure ridges (Joshi et al, 2021; Kandregula et al, 2021; Kothyari et al, 2021). Globally such active features can be estimated from the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements (Abidin et al, 2016; Chen et al, 2018; Dumka et al, 2018; He et al, 2020; Lakhote et al, 2020; Malik et al, 2021) because of its larger coverage and meticulous mm level accuracy (Abidin et al, 2016; Chaussard et al, 2014; Galloway & Burbey, 2011; Wasowski & Bovenga, 2014).…”

“…Almora group, 10. Ramgarh group) Kandregula et al, 2021;Kothyari et al, 2021). Globally such active features can be estimated from the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements (Abidin et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2018;Dumka et al, 2018;He et al, 2020;Lakhote et al, 2020;Malik et al, 2021) because of its larger coverage and meticulous mm level accuracy (Abidin et al, 2016;Chaussard et al, 2014;Galloway & Burbey, 2011;Wasowski & Bovenga, 2014).…”