ESTIMATION OF RAIN FADE DURATIONS ON COMMUNICATION LINKS AT Ka BAND IN EQUATORIAL AND TROPICAL REGIONS

Sanyaolu, M. E.; Dairo, Oluropo F.; Willoughby, A. A.; Kolawole, L. B.

doi:10.1615/telecomradeng.v79.i2.50

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The ITU-R model estimates the attenuation A at the percentage of exceedance p, denoted as A p by using the predicted attenuation derived from R 0.01 , which is denoted as A 0.01 , as shown in Equation (1). The A 0.01 was derived from the specific attenuation, which consists of the rain rate at a 0.01 percentage of time exceedance and the coefficient k and α, and L e f f , which is the effective path length, as shown in Equation (3). Those coefficients could be calculated according to ITU-R P.838 [24], given the signal operating frequency and antenna polarization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the research focusing on techniques to mitigate the rain impact on the signal is significant for satellite communication industries in the area. Several mitigation techniques have been proposed and implemented, such as adapting power transmission according to the rain attenuation level of the receiver; however, maintaining the high value for a long time is costly and inefficient [ 3 ]. Another technique is the modification of the signal coding and modulation to adapt to the attenuation level, but transmitting the changed code would compromise the signal quality [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Horizontal Rain-Cell Span and Wind Impact on Multisite Diversity Scheme in a Tropical Region during El-Niño and La-Niña

Samat

Singh

Al-Jumaily

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Site diversity is the most effective way to recover a signal lost during heavy downpours, especially in tropical regions since other mitigation techniques such as adaptive power control and code modulation may be unreliable during such. Duplicated links at diverse sites are deployed, and the least-attenuated signal of either site will be routed to the prime site for further operation. Since the deployment is costly, a diversity-gain model is used to estimate the appropriateness of selected sites. Diversity gain is known to depend on site-separation distance and elevation angle and, optionally, baseline angle and signal frequency, based on the region of research. In addition to these factors, the horizontal rain-cell span and the wind’s impact on the gain are ongoing investigations, especially in tropical regions. This article presented the rain analysis from the year 2014 to mid-July 2017 at eight sites in the Gombak and Sepang districts of Malaysia to investigate the dependency relevancies. The rain rates were then used to predict the attenuation using the ITU-R P.618-13 rain-attenuation model, and the inter- and cross-district gain characteristics were evaluated. The observation of diurnal rain during the northeast seasons yielded that the northeast wind stimulates intense rain at locations along its direction, thus, extending the horizontal rain-cell span to 15 km distant from a host. Meanwhile, sites located at 5 km distant, slightly perpendicular to the wind direction, and from 90° to 180° from due north of the host, experience less rain. The baseline angle variation establishes nonimpact to the gain and lengthening the site-separation distance presented equal chances to the shorter span towards diversity-gain increment. The research outcome is necessary to formulate a more reliable diversity-gain model to be used in the industry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Horizontal Rain-Cell Span and Wind Impact on Multisite Diversity Scheme in a Tropical Region during El-Niño and La-Niña

Samat

Singh

Al-Jumaily

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…However, at such a high frequency, the atmospheric and rain attenuation can potentially cause signal degradation on Earth space along the propagation path, which leads to a reduction in the quality and availability of satellite communication service. The propagation of a radio frequency signal between an earth station and a satellite must pass through the atmosphere in the presence of gases, water vapor, oxygen, clouds, rainfall, thunderstorms whilst raining, and fog, which contributes to the signal impairment [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fade Duration Analysis on a Ka-Band Link Operating in the Tropical Region

Nurul Farhana Husna Kamarozaman

2024

jes

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Communication systems are rapidly shifting towards higher frequencies due to congestion experienced at lower frequencies and the growing demand for higher data transmission rates within the network. However, it has been observed that as frequency increases, the susceptibility of the system to weather-related factors, particularly adverse weather conditions like rain, becomes more pronounced. This has raised significant concerns regarding the dependability of satellite communication links. This research investigates the dynamic characteristics of signal degradation caused by atmospheric effects, specifically focusing on the impact of rain fade. The study involves an analysis of fading duration using a year's worth of data extracted from Measat-5, operating at a beacon frequency of 20.199 GHz and positioned at an elevation angle of 68.8°. Such data is useful when developing a fade mitigation technique (FMT) that mitigates the disruptive effects caused by heavy rainfall, ultimately leading to an enhancement in both signal quality and overall signal availability.

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Soft Clustering for Enhancing ITU Rain Model based on Machine Learning Techniques

Kumar¹,

Singh²,

Saxena³

et al. 2021

Wireless Pers Commun

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ESTIMATION OF RAIN FADE DURATIONS ON COMMUNICATION LINKS AT Ka BAND IN EQUATORIAL AND TROPICAL REGIONS

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

The Horizontal Rain-Cell Span and Wind Impact on Multisite Diversity Scheme in a Tropical Region during El-Niño and La-Niña

The Horizontal Rain-Cell Span and Wind Impact on Multisite Diversity Scheme in a Tropical Region during El-Niño and La-Niña

Fade Duration Analysis on a Ka-Band Link Operating in the Tropical Region

Soft Clustering for Enhancing ITU Rain Model based on Machine Learning Techniques

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