Estimation of Particulate Matter from Smoke, Oil Consumption and Fuel Sulphur

Abstract

Particulates from diesel engine consisting of particles of carbon, sulphates, oil, fuel and water are measured by filtering a sample diluted in a partial or full flow tunnel according to strict standards and weighing them. However, these methods suffer from high initial and running costs. On the other hand, filter smoke meters measure the light reflected from a filter paper through which a known volume of exhaust gas is passed and Opacity meters measure light absorbed by a standard column of exhaust. They measure visible black smoke easily at reasonable expenditure. Today, these simple instruments are highly developed to control measurement noise, resolution and repeatability, and can be used to estimate carbon soot precisely. Adding contribution of oil and sulphates from fuel helps in estimating the Particulate Matter measured in ISO 8178 R49, D2 and C1 as well as ESC cycles up to EUStage IIIA, India CEV Stage IIIA, Euro III (India BS III on-road) and India CPCB2 emission standards. In this paper, a method is given to predict PM from fuel properties, engine oil consumption and measured smoke. The estimated values of PM compared favourably with the estimated values with confidence margins enough to go for type testing.

Enhancing the Viability of a Promising E-Fuel: Oxymethylene Ether–Decanol Mixtures

“…The intake mass flow rate and fuel consumption were measured, so the exhaust mass flow rate was estimated to equal the sum of these. The PM emission was derived from the measured opacity according to the methods described in [43]. At first, the filtered smoke number was derived from the opacity; then, the smoke concentration could be determined.…”

Modelling and Optimization of a Small Diesel Burner for Mobile Applications

“…The soot measurement range, resolution, and accuracy were 0-6, 0.1, and ±0.2 smoke number, respectively. The correlation between smoke number and soot concentration mg/m 3 is found in several references and manuals, such as the work of [65]. Experimental data and flow rates for the 6 kW heater are tabulated in Table 1.…”