Estimation of organs doses and radiation-induced secondary cancer risk from scattered photons for conventional radiation therapy of nasopharynx: a Monte Carlo study

Abstract

Our results regarding the effective dose and cancer risk are in agreement with previously published experimental results on conventional radiation therapy. Further investigation on patients' out-of-field dose to provide more knowledge on various radiotherapy techniques is suggested.

Conversion coefficients for determination of dispersed photon dose during radiotherapy: NRUrad input code for MCNP

“…The presence of the patient, which was the most significant source of scattered radiation was neglected [14–19]. On the other hand, some previous works focused on detailed simulation of the human phantom with the isocenter of a Linac, but over-simplified details in the treatment room such as the maze, primary and secondary shielding (e.g., refs.…”

On effective dose for radiotherapy based on doses to nontarget organs and tissues

“…These agree with the 0.25 Sv in the current study within the uncertainties. 26 An estimate of the uncertainty due to variations in patient anatomy was calculated by calculating the dose for each patient and taking the standard deviation of the dose for each organ-treatment site pair. Uncertainties (at the level of two standard deviations) in dose for individual organs ranged from 10% to 38%.…”

Technical Note: Comparison of peripheral patient dose from MR-guided 60 Co therapy and 6 MV linear accelerator IGRT

“…Mesbahi et al estimated the organ doses from scattered photons for , 6 MV, and 9 MV irradiations. In agreement with our findings, the machine showed the highest out‐of‐field dose.…”

“…A smaller planning target volume (PTV) will lead to a sparing of the organs at risk. Multiple studies of imaging [6][7][8][9][10] and therapeutic dose [11][12][13] were published. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to compare the out-of-field dose of two treatment machines, one equipped with an ionizing and one with a nonionizing imaging device.…”