On effective dose for radiotherapy based on doses to nontarget organs and tissues

Uselmann, Adam J.; Thomadsen, Bruce R.

doi:10.1118/1.4906190

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Attempts to determine doses reaching non‐target tissues are difficult. The total dose to non‐target organs in radiotherapy patients is estimated as 298 ± 194 mSv per patient [Uselmann and Thomadsen, ]. In detail, the bone marrow may receive up to 70 mSv per Gray of dose in patients undergoing whole body irradiation with a dose ranging from 8 to 25 Gy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells With Low and High Doses of Alpha Particles Induces Senescence and/or Apoptosis

Alessio¹,

Esposito

Galano

et al. 2017

J. Cell. Biochem.

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The use of high-linear energy transfer charged particles is gaining attention as a medical tool because of the emission of radiations with an efficient cell-killing ability. Considerable interest has developed in the use of targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of micrometastases. Moreover, the use of helium beams is gaining momentum, especially for treating pediatric tumors. We analyzed the effects of alpha particles on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have a subpopulation of stem cells capable of generating adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Further, these cells contribute toward maintenance of homeostasis in the body. MSCs were irradiated with low and high doses of alpha particles or X-rays and a comparative biological analysis was performed. At a low dose (40 mGy), alpha particles exhibited a limited negative effect on the biology of MSCs compared with X-rays. No significant perturbation of cell cycle was observed, and a minimal increase in apoptosis or senescence was detected. Self-renewal was preserved as revealed by the CFU assay. On the contrary, with 2000 mGy alpha particles, we observed adverse effects on the vitality, functionality, and stemness of MSCs. These results are the consequence of different proportion of cells targeted by alpha particles or X-rays and the quality of induced DNA damage. The present study suggests that radiotherapy with alpha particles may spare healthy stem cells more efficaciously than X-ray treatments, an observation that should be taken into consideration by physicians while planning irradiation of tumor areas close to stem cell niches, such as bone marrow. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2993-3002, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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confidence: 99%

Irradiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells With Low and High Doses of Alpha Particles Induces Senescence and/or Apoptosis

Alessio¹,

Esposito

Galano

et al. 2017

J. Cell. Biochem.

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“…Seven respondents reported a history of radiotherapy (3 individuals for the thyroid gland, 3 for the uterus and 1 for Hodgkin's lymphoma). The organ breast doses coming from various radiotherapy treatments, except for the thyroid treatment, were taken from [ 25 ]. For the thyroid treatment, the relevant data were lacking and the organ breast dose was estimated using the doses presumably reaching the non-target organs (in this case, the breast) as the scattered radiation during the head and neck treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionizing radiation and volumetric mammographic density

Pepłońska¹,

Mirowski²,

Kałużny³

et al. 2022

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: Mammographic density (MD) refers to the percentage of dense tissue of an entire breast and was proposed to be used as a surrogate marker for breast cancer. High-dose ionizing radiation (IR) has been recognized as a breast cancer risk factor. The aim of our study was to investigate association between lifetime low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) and MD. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 467 women aged 40-60 years who underwent screening mammography in Łódź, Poland. The digital mammography examination of the breasts included both craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views. The volumetric breast density (VBD) (%) and fibrograndular tissue volume (FG) (cm 3 ) were determined based on the analysis of mammographic image ("for processing") using Volpara Imaging Software. The exposure to IR was estimated for each individual, based on the data from interviews about diagnostic or therapeutic medical procedures performed in the area of the neck, chest, abdomen and spine, which involved X-rays and γ rays and the data about the doses derived from literature. Linear and logistic regression were fitted with VBD and FG as the outcomes and organ breast dose, effective dose and number of mammographies as the determinants, adjusted for major confounders. Results:The analyses showed no association between VBD or FG and the breast organ dose or the effective dose. The only significant finding observed concerned the association between the number of mammographies and the FG volume with β coefficient: 0.028 (95% CI: 0.012-0.043), and predicted mean FG volume >13.4 cm 3 among the women with >3 mammographies when compared to those with none. Conclusions: This study does not, in general, provide support for the positive association between LDIR and MD. The weak association of the FG volume with the number of mammographies warrants further verification in larger independent studies.

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“…With the introduction of the quantity effective dose, it has been possible to communicate information about radiation levels and their significance within the medical staff. This quantity has also been used to estimate the side-effects of radiation therapy (Beentjes 1987, Uselmann andThomadsen 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime attributable risk as an alternative to effective dose to describe the risk of cancer for patients in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine

2017

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The aim of this study is to implement lifetime attributable risk (LAR) predictions of cancer for patients of various age and gender, undergoing diagnostic investigations or treatments in nuclear medicine and to compare the outcome with a population risk estimate using effective dose and the International Commission on Radiological Protection risk coefficients. The radiation induced risk of cancer occurrence (incidence) or death from four nuclear medicine procedures are estimated for both male and female between 0 and 120 years. Estimations of cancer risk are performed using recommended administered activities for two diagnostic (F-FDG and Tc-phosphonate complex) and two therapeutic (I-iodide and Ra-dichloride) radiopharmaceuticals to illustrate the use of cancer risk estimations in nuclear medicine. ForF-FDG, the cancer incidence for a male of 5, 25, 50 and 75 years at exposure is 0.0021, 0.0010, 0.0008 and 0.0003, respectively. For Tc phosphonates complex the corresponding values are 0.000 59, 0.000 34, 0.000 27 and 0.000 13, respectively. For anI-iodide treatment with 3.7 GBq and 1% uptake 24 h after administration, the cancer incidence for a male of 25, 50 and 75 years at exposure is 0.041, 0.029 and 0.012, respectively. For Ra-dichloride with an administration of 21.9 MBq the cancer incidence for a male of 25, 50 and 75 years is 0.31, 0.21 and 0.09, respectively. The LAR estimations are more suitable in health care situations involving individual patients or specific groups of patients than the health detriment based on effective dose, which represents a population average. The detriment consideration in effective dose adjusts the cancer incidence for suffering of non-lethal cancers while LAR predicts morbidity (incidence) or mortality (cancer). The advantages of these LARs are that they are gender and age specific, allowing risk estimations for specific patients or subgroups thus better representing individuals in health care than effective dose.

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On effective dose for radiotherapy based on doses to nontarget organs and tissues

Abstract: The methods used to estimate the effective doses from radiotherapy used in NCRP Report No. 160 have been explained and the values updated.

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Irradiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells With Low and High Doses of Alpha Particles Induces Senescence and/or Apoptosis

Irradiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells With Low and High Doses of Alpha Particles Induces Senescence and/or Apoptosis

Ionizing radiation and volumetric mammographic density

Lifetime attributable risk as an alternative to effective dose to describe the risk of cancer for patients in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine

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