Estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from paddy fields in Taiwan

Abstract

To investigate the greenhouse gases emissions from paddy fields, methane and nitrous oxide emissions were estimated with the local measurement and the IPCC method during 1990-2006 in Taiwan. Annual methane emission ranged from 9001 to 14,980 ton in the first crop season for 135,314-242,298 ha of paddy fields, and it was between 16,412 and 35,208 ton for 101,710-211,968 ha in the second crop season with the local measurement for intermittent irrigation. The value ranged from 31,122 to 55,729 ton of methane emission in the first crop season, and it was between 29,493 and 61,471 ton in the second crop season with the IPCC guideline for continuous flooding. Annual nitrous oxide emission from paddy fields was between 371 and 728 ton in the first crop season, and the value ranged from 163 to 365 ton in the second crop season with the local measurement. Methane emission from paddy fields in Taiwan for intermittent irrigation was only 26.72-28.92%, 55.65-57.32% and 41.19-43.10% with the IPCC guidelines for continuous flooding and mean temperature of transplanting stage in the first crop, the second crop and total paddy fields, respectively. The values were 53. 44-57.84%, 111.29-114.55% and 82.38-86.20% with the IPCC guidelines for single aeration and mean temperature of transplanting stage, respectively; and the values were 133. 60-144.61%, 282.56-286.62% and 205.96-215.49% with the IPCC guidelines for multiple aeration and mean temperature of transplanting stage, respectively. Intermittent irrigation in paddy fields reduces methane emission significantly; appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation in paddy fields also decreases nitrous oxide emission.

Rice Cultivation Methods and Their Sustainability Aspects: Organic and Conventional Rice Production in Industrialized Tropical Monsoon Asia with a Dual Cropping System

“…For both conventional and organic farms, most of the GHGs were released in the C period because it was also the longest period. The CH4 emissions were lower in C1 than C2 because of the lower temperature and higher redox potential in C1 [76]. The N2O emission was higher in the first CS because of the higher temperature in its later growth stage [63].…”

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on CO2, CH4 and N2O Emissions in a Paddy Field

“…Moreover, the use of fertilizers in paddy fields is another essential cause of greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture is the main source of most nitrous oxide emissions (Yang et al, 2009). Similarly, according to Gogoi and Baruah's report (2012), the emission of nitrous oxide from agricultural activities increased 17% worldwide between 1990 and 2005 is expected that emissions could increase to 35-60% by 2030 due to activities involving nitrogen fertilizers and stable manure.…”

Nitrogen biological cycle characteristics of seepweed (Suaeda salsa) wetland in intertidal zone of Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary

“…Presently, many studies on the N cycle process in wetland ecosystems have been conducted, and these researches were related to paddy fields (Ahmad et al, 2009;Yang S S et al, 2009), freshwater marshes (Zhang et al, 2007;van Damme et al, 2009), salt marshes (Eriksson et al, 2003;Boyer and Fong, 2005), and mangrove marshes (Trott et al, 2004;Naidoo, 2009). Some researchers adopted stable isotope technique to quantify the movement, transformation and fate of N in wetland ecosystems (Rückauf et al, 2004;Fair and Heikoop, 2006).…”