Effect of Organic Fertilizer on CO2, CH4 and N2O Emissions in a Paddy Field

Abstract

A study on the effect of organic fertilizer (cow manure) on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in a paddy field was conducted. Suphanburi 1 rice varieties were planted in a double-crop organic rice field at Pathum Thani Rice Research Center, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. The study was categorized into 4 sets of experiments as follows: 1) control, without added fertilizer, 2) addition of organic fertilizer (cow manure) at 3.13 t·ha -1 , 3) addition of organic fertilizer at 9.38 t·ha -1 and 4) addition of organic fertilizer at 12.50 t·ha -1 . The study showed that the set with the addition of organic fertilizer at 12.50 t·ha -1 had the highest emissions rate of methane at an average rate of 4.94 mg·m -2 d. Lower methane emissions were found in the sets with added organic fertilizer at 9.38 t·ha -1 and in the control set without added fertilizer and the set with added organic fertilizer at 3.13 t·ha -1 , with an average emission rate of 3.08, 1.77 and 1.49 mg·m -2 ·d, respectively. The differences in the methane emissions of all of the sets are statistically significant, (P<0.05). Compared to the other sets, the carbon dioxide emissions were highest in the set with added organic fertilizer at 9.38 t·ha -1 , at an average rate of 380.55 mg·m -2 ·d. The rates were lower in the set with added organic fertilizer at 3.13 t·ha -1 , the control set without added fertilizer, and the set with the addition of organic fertilizer at 12.50 t·ha -1 , with emission rates of 325.24, 253.92 and 198.16 mg·m -2 d, respectively. However, these results had no significant difference. Meanwhile, the nitrous oxide emissions during the growing season of the rice were the highest in the set with the addition of organic fertilizer at 9.38 t·ha -1 , which had an average rate of 1.41 mg·m -2 ·d. The rate was lower in the control set without added fertilizer, the set with added organic fertilizer at 3.13 t·ha -1 , and the set with added organic fertilizer at 12.50 t·ha -1 with average emissions rates of 1.10, 1.40 and 0.60 mg·m -2 ·d, respectively.

Greenhouse gas emissions, grain yield and water productivity: a paddy rice field case study based in Myanmar

“…In this study, 7.5 t ha −1 of cow dung manure resulted in an increase in CH 4 emission by 21% over that of OM 0 (no cow dung manure). This study is supported by the findings of Sampanpanish, 28 who reported that the highest application rate of cow dung manure (12.5 t ha −1 ) in rice production in Thailand resulted in the highest rate of methane emissions (4.94 mg m −2 day −1 ) because CH 4 is produced by transforming carbon from organic substrate decomposition into methane. Toma et al 29 .…”

Influence of rice varieties, nitrogen management and planting methods on methane emission and water productivity

“…Bhatia et al (2005) reported increased CH 4 emission due to the addition of organic amendments such as FYM, green manure (GM) and crop residues in the flooded transplanted rice. Enhanced CH 4 emission due to N fertilizer application has been reported by several researchers (Pathak et al 2003;Nono et al 2012;Sampanpanish 2012). This indicated the role of additional amount of N provided by the added fertilizers on the activity of the micro-organisms, involved in the production of CH 4 (Jain et al 2000).…”

Organic Agriculture: Global challenges and environmental impacts

“…There is a concern that it is difficult to predict the impacts of widespread OA adoption due to mounting evidence that organic fertilizers can include significant levels of trace metals including Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd [13]. Application of organic manure above 6.25 t ha −1 per season may contribute to greater CH 4 and N 2 O emissions in the rice ecosystem [14]. Yet, the use of animal manures, the use of natural pesticides and fertilizers, the management of postharvest residues, irrigation, and tillage activities may all have a detrimental influence on the environment [15].…”