Estimation of legible font size for elderly people

SAGAWA, Ken; Kurakata, Kenji

doi:10.5571/synth.6.34

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, other letter features (font type and complexity) were not significantly related to the aging effect on legible-contrast threshold. This indicates that the aging effect on minimum legible font size at 100% contrast condition (Sagawa & Kurakata, 2013) can be applied to the aging difference into the low contrast letter condition.…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Legible-contrastmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…There are several previous legible-size studies without consideration of a letter contrast (Fozard, 1990;Sagawa & Kurakata, 2013;Sagawa et al, 2002). For example, Sagawa and Kurakata (2013) measured the aging effect on minimum legible letter size.…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Legible-contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Sagawa and Kurakata (2013) measured the aging effect on minimum legible letter size. They suggested, however, that the effect of aging on minimum legible letter size was related to letter complexity.…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Legible-contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies (Sagawa & Kurakata, 2013;Sagawa, Ujike, & Sasaki, 2002) have indicated a general increase of legible letter size with increasing age, and age-related declines in optical, perceptual, and cognitive abilities (Fozard, 1990;Ujike & Sagawa, 2003). In studies on the contrast sensitivity function (CSF), aging effects have been clearly observed, particularly at higher spatial frequencies (Higgins, Jaffe, Caruso, & deMonasterio, 1988;Owsley, Sekuler, & Siemsen, 1983;Ujike & Sagawa, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Letter Design Features and Aging on Legibility

Ohyama

Sagawa

2016

Perception

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We examined how letter legibility is affected by letter design features (size, contrast, font-type, and complexity), and how this changes with age (by comparing younger [N = 54] and older participants [N = 54]). Types of letters in the study were Japanese characters, Latin alphabets, and digits. Participants verbally reported the letter presented on a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display in natural viewing conditions. The legible-contrast threshold was calculated as the contrast boundary of 50% correct answer. We found that letter complexity (i.e., number of strokes) did not affect legible contrast threshold, except for small (<0.35°) letters. Moreover, letter size even affected the threshold with a function similar but not identical to contrast sensitivity function. This supports the previous hypothesis proposed by Majaj et al. that optimal spatial frequency band exists for letter identification and shifts with its size. Another novel finding was the effect of aging on the legible-contrast threshold and how it related to other letter features. Constant aging effect on legible-contrast was found across letter sizes. Among older adults, the legible-contrast thresholds were 1.2 to 2 times those of younger adults. Moreover, the aging effects were greater for positive-contrast than for negative.

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Section: Effects Of Aging On Legible-contrastmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Effects Of Aging On Legible-contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Aging On Legible-contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Letter Design Features and Aging on Legibility

Ohyama

Sagawa

2016

Perception

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“…We avoided putting too many complicated elements on the screen and only essential elements were displayed. The font or object size for key elements was determined to make it possible for at least 95% of the older population in Korea to read and recognize them ( 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Usability of a Novel Kinect-Based Tailored Interactive Fall Intervention System for Fall Prevention in Older People: A Preliminary Study

Kim

Xiong

2022

Front. Public Health

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Falls are prevalent among older people and can lead to serious health problems. We newly developed a novel Kinect-based tailored interactive fall intervention system, which seamlessly integrates multifactorial fall risk assessment and tailored intervention programs to prevent falls in older people. This preliminary study aimed to examine the effectiveness and usability of this developed system for fall prevention in older people. Thirty community-dwelling older women participated in this experiment; they were allocated to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG) for a quasi-randomized trial (15 people each). Participants in IG followed an 8-week tailored intervention (40 min/session × 2 sessions/week × 8 weeks) using the Kinect-based interactive fall intervention system, while participants in CG maintained their habitual activities. Various outcome measures were evaluated at baseline (Week 0), interim (Week 4), and post-intervention (Week 8). Experimental results showed that IG led to significant improvements in TUG-Timed Up and Go (p = 0.010), BBS-Berg Balance Scale (p = 0.011), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-MoCA (p = 0.022) between baseline and post-intervention. In comparison to the baseline, TUG and BBS were even significantly improved at interim (p = 0.004 and 0.047, respectively). There were no significant changes in static balance-related performance outcomes and the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-SFES after the intervention. Whereas in CG, most performance measures did not show significant changes during the 8-week period, TUG completion time became significantly longer at post-intervention in comparison to interim (p = 0.028) and fear of falling was also significantly higher at post-intervention than baseline (p = 0.021). These findings suggest that the Kinect-based 8-week tailored interactive fall interventions effectively improved older people's physical and cognitive abilities. Regarding the usability of the developed system, the average System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 83.5 out of 100, indicating excellent system usability. The overall mean Computer Literacy Scale (CLS) score was 2.5 out of 26, showing that older participants in this study had very limited experience with computers. No significant correlation between SUS and CLS scores demonstrated that newly developed Kinect-based tailored interactive fall intervention system was easy to use for older people, regardless of their computer experience. This novel system should help health professionals and older people proactively manage the risk of falls.

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