Estimation of Heritability of the Nectar Guide of Flowers in Brassica rapa L.

Syafaruddin, _; Kobayashi, Kiwa; Yoshioka, Yosuke; Horisaki, Atsushi; Niikura, Satoshi; Ohsawa, Ryo

doi:10.1270/jsbbs.56.75

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…; Syafaruddin et al . ; Koski & Ashman ). If the pollination dynamics observed in the present study are representative of natural conditions in A. anserina and other systems, then individuals that lack the UV bullseye may attract fewer insects than those with UV pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was aimed at understanding the function of UV pattern experimentally, but it has implications for species with naturally occurring intraspecific variation for UV pattern. For example, populations can be polymorphic for the presence or absence of the UV bullseye (Cruden 1972;Naruhashi & Ikeda 1999) or can display quantitative variation in its size (Koski & Ashman 2013), and this variation can be heritable (Yoshioka et al 2005;Syafaruddin et al 2006;Koski & Ashman 2013). If the pollination dynamics observed in the present study are representative of natural conditions in A. anserina and other systems, then individuals that lack the UV bullseye may attract fewer insects than those with UV pattern.…”

Section: M P L I C a T I O N S F O R N A T U R A L L Y O C C U R R mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissecting pollinator responses to a ubiquitous ultraviolet floral pattern in the wild

Koski

Ashman

2014

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Colour patterns on flowers can increase pollinator visitation and enhance foraging behaviour. Flowers uniform in colour to humans, however, can appear patterned to insects due to spatial variation in UV reflectance on petals. A UV 'bullseye' pattern that is common among angiosperms -UV-absorbing petal bases and UV-reflective apices -purportedly functions as a nectar guide, enhancing pollinator orientation and experimental evidence suggests that UV reflectance increases floral apparency to pollinators. 2. We test the pollinator-attracting and pollinator-orienting functions of floral UV pattern and UV reflectance under natural conditions. Specifically, we address whether UV reflection alone, or UV pattern influences small bee and syrphid fly attraction rates (approaching, landing and foraging visits), foraging rates, and likelihood of foraging and orienting to the centre of flowers, using Argentina anserina, a species whose flowers exhibit variability in the size of the UV bullseye. We manipulated UV properties while maintaining uniformly yellow petals to create three phenotypes -uniformly UV-absorptive, uniformly UV-reflective, and inversed bullseye (reflective bases and absorptive apices) and compared insect visitation and behaviour to control flowers with the common UV bullseye phenotype. 3. The presence of UV pattern increased attraction rates by both bees and syrphid flies relative to either fully UV reflective or absorptive flowers. However, only in the inverse array did the bullseye phenotype elicit higher foraging rates than the test flower. Neither the presence of pattern, nor the reversal of the common pattern influenced the likelihood of pollinator foraging or orientating to the flowers' centre during a visit. 4. We provide some of the first evidence to suggest that flowers with spatial variation in UV reflectance may be more conspicuous to insects than those with petals that uniformly absorb or reflect UV, all of which are naturally occurring phenotypes. Further, we verify that the most common UV pattern in nature increases insect attraction and foraging rate relative to the inverse pattern. Results confirm a distance apparency function of the UV bullseye, but we argue for reconsideration of the notion that pollinators benefit from this ubiquitous floral motif through enhanced foraging efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: M P L I C a T I O N S F O R N A T U R A L L Y O C C U R R mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting pollinator responses to a ubiquitous ultraviolet floral pattern in the wild

Koski

Ashman

2014

Functional Ecology

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“…H 2 = ~0.75 and ~0.85; Koski & Ashman ; respectively; Syafaruddin et al . ), plants in our experiment were raised under more variable and realistic field conditions that induce higher levels of UV‐absorbing compounds. We also detect significant genetic variation for petal blade morphology and allometry, supporting previous examinations of floral genetic architecture in this population (Brock et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic architecture, biochemical underpinnings and ecological impact of floral UV patterning

et al. 2016

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Floral attraction traits can significantly affect pollinator visitation patterns, but adaptive evolution of these traits may be constrained by correlations with other traits. In some cases, molecular pathways contributing to floral attraction are well characterized, offering the opportunity to explore loci potentially underlying variation among individuals. Here, we quantify the range of variation in floral UV patterning (i.e. UV 'bulls-eye nectar guides) among crop and wild accessions of Brassica rapa. We then use experimental crosses to examine the genetic architecture, candidate loci and biochemical underpinnings of this patterning as well as phenotypic manipulations to test the ecological impact. We find qualitative variation in UV patterning between wild (commonly lacking UV patterns) and crop (commonly exhibiting UV patterns) accessions. Similar to the majority of crops, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an oilseed crop × WI fast-plant® cross exhibit UV patterns, the size of which varies extensively among genotypes. In RILs, we further observe strong statistical-genetic and QTL correlations within petal morphological traits and within measurements of petal UV patterning; however, correlations between morphology and UV patterning are weak or nonsignificant, suggesting that UV patterning is regulated and may evolve independently of overall petal size. HPLC analyses reveal a high concentration of sinapoyl glucose in UV-absorbing petal regions, which, in concert with physical locations of UV-trait QTLs, suggest a regulatory and structural gene as candidates underlying observed quantitative variation. Finally, insects prefer flowers with UV bulls-eye patterns over those that lack patterns, validating the importance of UV patterning in pollen-limited populations of B. rapa.

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“…Murren et al (2002) found that brassicaceous hybrid species exhibited a higher number of pheno-typic correlations than either of their parental taxa. Further, populations that have experienced recent outbreeding events tend to exhibit higher heritabilities than more inbred populations (Swindell & Bouzat, 2005;Syafaruddin et al, 2006). Finally, hybrid populations may exhibit greater responses to selection than parental populations (Carney et al, 2000).…”

Section: New Phytologistmentioning

confidence: 99%

When divergent life histories hybridize: insights into adaptive life‐history traits in an annual weed

2009

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Summary• Colonizing weed populations face novel selective environments, which may drive rapid shifts in life history. These shifts may be amplified when colonists are hybrids of species with divergent life histories. Selection on such phenotypically diverse hybrids may create highly fecund weeds. We measured the phenotypic variation, strength of natural selection and evolutionary response of hybrid and nonhybrid weeds.• We created F 1 hybrids of wild radish, an early flowering, small-stemmed weed, and its late-flowering, large-stemmed, crop relative (Raphanus spp.). Replicate wild and hybrid populations were established in an agricultural landscape in Michigan, USA. The consequences of three generations of natural selection were measured in a common garden experiment.• Hybrid populations experienced strong selection for larger, earlier flowering plants whereas selection was relatively weak on wild populations. Large plant size evolved two to three times faster in the hybrid populations than in wild populations, yet hybrid populations did not evolve earlier flowering. Strong selection on size and phenotypic correlations between age at reproduction and size may have limited the response of flowering phenology.• Our findings demonstrate hybridization between species with divergent life histories may catalyse the rapid evolution of certain adaptive, weedy traits while tradeoffs limit the evolution of others.

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Estimation of Heritability of the Nectar Guide of Flowers in Brassica rapa L.

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Dissecting pollinator responses to a ubiquitous ultraviolet floral pattern in the wild

Dissecting pollinator responses to a ubiquitous ultraviolet floral pattern in the wild

Genetic architecture, biochemical underpinnings and ecological impact of floral UV patterning

When divergent life histories hybridize: insights into adaptive life‐history traits in an annual weed

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