Estimation of Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation for Marphological Traits in Spring Wheat

Abstract

P akistan has diverse agro-ecological regions comprising both plains and mountains of Baluchistan, Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. These regions include high precipitous valleys and irrigated plains. The environmental issues such as temperature fruitfulness status, soil distinctiveness and rainfall play a vital role in the varietal recital. Wheat is successfully grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It occupies 40% of the total cropped area and 60% of the area grown to cereals in the province. In 2013-14 the total area devoted to wheat cultivation in KP was 0.72 million ha, which produced 1.15 million tonnes of wheat with an average yield of 1590 kg/ha (GoP, 2015). Improvement in wheat production is essential for future purposes because of ever increasing population pressure. We need to develop such varieties that fulfil our nutritional requirements. Breeding objectives for bread wheat include suitability of different maturity groups for early, mild, and late planting and also special importance are given on high yield, resistance to diseases, resistance to lodging, wide adaptation, better milling, baking and nutritional qualities. Heritability and genetic advance are important to plant Abstract | Heritability plays a pivotal role in selection. Breeders could predict the performance of crop plants by knowing the magnitude of heritability. An experiment was conducted using a set of spring wheat genotypes to estimate heritability for various plant traits during crop season 2014-15 at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar. The randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the experiment. Data were recorded on yield and some other important plant traits like days to heading (days), days to maturity (days), flag leaf area (cm 2 ), spike length (cm), grains spike -1 (no.), grains weight spike -1 (g), biological yield (kg ha -1 ) and grain yield (kg ha -1 ). Mean performance of genotypes showed that all the spring wheat genotypes performed well for all the traits. Spring wheat cultivar Tatara showed best performance for maturity, similarly, genotype SM12 performed well for grains spike -1 and grain weight spike -1 , whereas, genotype SM4 performed well for grain yield. Relatively high heritability with low genetic advance was estimated for days to maturity, while moderate to high heritability coupled with genetic advance was recorded for other yield related traits. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield had strong positive phenotypic and genetic correlation with heading, maturity, flag leaf area and biological yield. Spring wheat genotype SM12 had best performance for grains spike -1 and grain weight spike -1 should be further tested at different location of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for possible release as a new cultivar.

Multivariate analysis of mutant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines under drought stress

“…Spike length is one of the most imperative traits which accommodates a greater number of spikelets per spike (Iqbal et al, 2017). In the present study, a diverse range in spike length 13.66-10.85cm, 13.93-11.05cm, and 11.71-11.33cm was observed in M5, M6, and M7 generations respectively.…”

Advanced Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Lines Revealed Morphological Trait Diversity and Resistance Against Yellow Rust

“…Considerable variability was observed for these traits although the expression of such traits is greatly affected by the environmental factors. Days to 50% headings is an important trait that directly or indirectly contribute to grains yield and can successfully be used as selection criteria in selection of high yielding genotypes (Iqbal et al, 2017;Singh and Chaudhary, 2006;Jolánkai et al, 2006). For flag leaf area our results were comparable with findings of Atkinson et al (2008); Dodig et al (2007) and Kenzevic et al (2007).…”

“…Morphology of the agronomic traits: Analysis of variance for agronomic traits like days to 50% heading and flag leaf area and plant height showed high significant difference, while checks show non-significant differences for these traits. Highly significance differences for flag leaf area was also depicted in findings of Iqbal et al (2017). Considerable variability was observed for these traits although the expression of such traits is greatly affected by the environmental factors.…”

“…Genotypes with resistance are found diverse and can be used successfully in crossing programs for developing varieties with desirable combinations of genes (Table 1). Days to 50% headings is an important trait that directly or indirectly contribute to grains yield and can successfully be used as selection criteria in selection of high yielding genotypes (Iqbal et al, 2017). Alternatively, winter wheat lines which take more days for maturity are generally considered not suitable for cultivation (Table 2; 3).…”

Assessment of Genetic Variability and Direct-Indirect Contribution of Post-Anthesis Traits to the Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) at Different Sowing Dates

“…Under normal sowing, heritability of all the traits were more than 80% and under late sowing, heritability of only number of tillers was 75% while all other were more than 80%. High value of heritability showed that all the studied traits are valuable for breeding and can result in a significant genetic advance for late sown wheat (Iqbal et al 2017;Mwadzingeni et al 2017;Alonso et al 2018;Balkan 2018) but for the selection of traits further studies may be conducted to confirm the gene action governing these traits as Broad sense heritability estimates cannot predict the type of gene action. Alonso et al (2018) also suggested that selection of traits with higher heritability increase the genetic progress in next generations.…”