Estimation of gender using cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics

Abstract

Background and Objective:Forensic dentistry plays a vital role in detection and resolution of crime, civil proceedings and personal identification. With ever-increasing demands placed upon law enforcement to provide sufficient physical evidence linking a perpetrator to a crime, it makes sense to utilize any type of physical characteristic to identify a suspect of an offense. The least invasive and cost-effective procedure among all methods of human identification is the study of lip prints and fingerprints. This study is done to determine the predominant pattern of fingerprint and lip print in males and females and to correlate it for gender identification.Materials and Methods:The study sample comprised 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) aged between 20 and 50 years; dark-colored lipstick was applied uniformly on the lips. The glued portion of cellophane tape was dabbed first in the center and then pressed uniformly over the corner of lips. Cellophane tape was then stuck to a white chart sheet for the purpose of permanent record. Lip print patterns were analyzed following the classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The imprint of left thumb was taken on a white chart sheet using a blue ink stamp pad and visualized using magnifying lens. Fingerprints were analyzed by following the classification given by Kücken. Correlation of lip print and fingerprint was analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The overall correlation of lip prints with fingerprints in males revealed branched lip pattern associated with whorl fingerprint and in females as vertical lip print pattern associated with loop fingerprint.Conclusion:We conclude that the study between lip print and fingerprint can aid in gender determination.

Prevalence of Type I Lip Print among Medical Students in a Medical College of Nepal

“…2 They become indispensable but vary in predominance, gender and race. [3][4][5] More studies on lip prints in relation to sex for its utility as sex determination are recommended. 6 The study was conducted to assess the distribution of types of lip print among medical students and identify the predominant type in either sex.…”

Changes in Fingerprints Depending on Physiological Factors

“…The clarity and durability of fingerprints left at a crime scene depend on many factors, including the structure and properties of the substrate on which the print is left (in particular on the absorbency of the substrate) , the amount of sweat and sebum secretion (or other substance, such as blood, paint, or ink) that was on the skin of the hands or feet , the temperature and humidity of the environment or room where the print was left , mechanical factors , the dynamics of print formation (e.g., pressure or displacement) , the use of methods and agents that prevent prints being left, for example, a greased surface , diseases that the person leaving the print suffers from (skin diseases that destroy the ridge pattern, e.g., leprosy) , and the time elapsed since the print was left . It should also be noted that the image of the print is affected by physiological factors, which include the emotional state of the person, skin type (dry, normal, or oily), physical exertion, or gender .…”

“Review on Forensic Odonto-Stomatology”

“…The techniques used in forensic odontology has evolved through the evolution of humankind. 3,4 Odnotometric analysis for forensic use by dental structures for identification began, people killed in during French and Indian wars skeleton bodies were identified by an artificial tooth. A dentist, identified dead body by a small denture that he had fabricated for him.…”

“…A dentist, identified dead body by a small denture that he had fabricated for him. 4,5 Dental identification means are reliable and accurate to ensure a correct identification of individuals. To approach through a preliminary evaluation, antemortem and post-mortem examination, an expert of forensic dentist can develop all necessary information for conclusion regarding the correct identity by dental evidences.…”

“…Even in highly concentrated acids tooth structures are most durable. 10,11,12 Teeth can survive virtually intact long after other soft tissue and skeletal tissue have been destroyed by decay or incineration.…”