Estimation of Fetal Age Sonographically Using Umbilical Cord Diameter in Second and Third Trimester

Abdalla, Elsafi Ahmed; Ayad, Caroline Edward; Eisa, Farida Ahmed

doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20140202.16

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The mean umbilical cord diameter in this study was 2.12 ± 0.24 cm with a range of 1.9 -2.5 cm. The umbilical cord diameters obtained in the present study were different to the findings of Collins 160 who reported an average diameter of a normal cord to be 1.2 cm, it also appeared (1.2 and 1.4 cm) observed in another studies [14,15]. However, about 86.44% of the cords had diameters ranging from 1.0 cm to 2.0 cm.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Structure of the Umbilical Cord in Sudanese and Correlation with Neonatal Outcome

NuggedAlla

Abdulghani

Osman

et al. 2021

International Journal of Human Anatomy

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Background The neonatal morbidity and mortality is very high in the Sudan, the umbilical cord association and contribution to this is planned to be answered. Therefore the present study was designed to provide some information on the morphological variations of human umbilical cord via gross anatomical assessment and their correlation with foetal factors such as foetal weight and length. Methods A prospective hospital - based study conducted in Wad Madani Maternity Teaching Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between July 2014 and March 2018 Results The mean diameter of the 371 umbilical cords was 2.1±0.24cm. Length was 53.8±3.8 cm length ranging from 48 – 62 cm and 10 (2.7%) of 371 umbilical cords were uncoiled. of which, 1 (0.3%) cords were with absent Wharton’s Jelly. The mean neonatal indices were 2.95 kg, 33.19 cm and 44.42 cm for weight, head circumference and length respectively. There was just significant strong positive correlation between umbilical cord length and length of neonates. Also Umbilical cord diameter had a positive correlation with length of neonates and negative correlation with weight of neonates and APGAR Score. Conclusion The present study suggests that ‘normal’ cord length should be between 40 cm and 70 cm in length. Umbilical cord diameter had a positive correlation with fetal length and negative correlation with fetal weight and APGAR score. The diameter range of 1-2 cm suggests that a normal cord must not exceed 2 cm in diameter. However the umbilical cord index had negative correlation with length of neonates.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Structure of the Umbilical Cord in Sudanese and Correlation with Neonatal Outcome

NuggedAlla

Abdulghani

Osman

et al. 2021

International Journal of Human Anatomy

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“…These findings closely parallel those of Collins, who reported a diameter of 1.2 cm in their study. Nevertheless, notable disparities were identified when comparing our data from Ghanaian samples (1.19 cm) with data from Sudan and Nigeria (1.2 cm and 1.4 cm, respectively) [20,21].…”

Section: Bwcontrasting

confidence: 70%

Morphometric Evaluation of Human Placental and Umbilical Cord for Neonatal Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tankala,

Rao,

Senapati

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background: In India, there is only limited data on studies related to umbilical cord and placental indices in newborn infants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the morphometric analysis of placental and umbilical cord indices and their association with length, weight, and head size in newborns. Materials and methods: This was a longitudinal cross-sectional study conducted on placentas and fetal measures from 245 women who gave birth during the study period. The placental variables, umbilical cord indices, and neonatal indices were measured. The association between the parameters was done using Pearson’s correlation, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The placental weight (p=0.01) and placental volume (p=0.01) showed a significant positive correlation with newborn weight. The mean placental diameter was 16.32 ± 1.54 cm, and there was no significant correlation between placental diameter and infant weight (p=0.232), length (p=0.658), or head circumference (0.842). In addition, there was a significant association between placental diameter, placental volume (p=0.000), and placental weight (p=0.000). There was a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between ponderable index and birth weight, length, and head circumference. Conclusion: Placental weight and newborn weight were significantly associated in this study. The length of the umbilical cord was found to be related to placental weight. So, placental measurements are reliable indicators for the assessment of fetal wellbeing.

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“…In cases where the fetus is not in a straight position, the UCD could provide an alternative means of dating the pregnancy in the first trimester. Results of this study also agree with those of Rostamzadeh et al 9 and Barbieri et al 10 Both investigated UCD and its relationships with fetal biometric parameters and stated that UCD correlated positively with GA. Abdalla et al 11 conducted a similar study by estimating fetal age sonographically using UCD in the second and third trimester.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic Assessment of Umbilical Cord Diameter as an Indicator of Fetal Growth and Perinatal Outcome

Udoh

Erim

Anthony

2020

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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Objective: To determine whether the assessment of umbilical cord diameter (UCD) is a viable indicator of fetal growth and perinatal outcome. Material and Methods: A total of 652 singleton pregnancies between 10 and 40 weeks of gestation were reviewed for this study. The UCD was measured vertically in the longitudinal section, adjacent to its insertion at the fetal abdomen. Other fetal biometrics were measured according to standard measurement protocols. The perinatal outcome of each patient case was also recorded. Result: The UCD ranged between 0.73 and 1.68 cm, and correlated positively with gestational age, estimated fetal weight ( r = 0.779, r = 0.639, P < .05), and other fetal biometrics. The UCD of 50 subjects was 2 standard deviations below the mean and correlated significantly ( r = 0.712, P < .05) with poor fetal outcome in the first and second trimester. Observational studies of 50 subjects, whose UCD was 2 standard deviations below the mean, resulted in 21 cases of intrauterine fetal death, 10 cases of preeclampsia, 8 cases of oligohydramnios, and 11 cases of intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusion: The UCD has the potential to serve as an important indicator of fetal growth, well-being, and perinatal outcome.

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Estimation of Fetal Age Sonographically Using Umbilical Cord Diameter in Second and Third Trimester

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Anatomical Structure of the Umbilical Cord in Sudanese and Correlation with Neonatal Outcome

Anatomical Structure of the Umbilical Cord in Sudanese and Correlation with Neonatal Outcome

Morphometric Evaluation of Human Placental and Umbilical Cord for Neonatal Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sonographic Assessment of Umbilical Cord Diameter as an Indicator of Fetal Growth and Perinatal Outcome

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