Estimation of endogenous protein and amino acid ileal losses in weaned piglets by regression analysis using diets with graded levels of casein

Abstract

BackgroundMany studies have investigated endogenous loss of proteins and amino acids (AAs) at the ileal level in growing pigs. However, only a few studies have researched this subject in piglets. Knowledge regarding AA ileal digestibility in piglets would be helpful during the formulation of diets for weaning piglets, rather than just using coefficients obtained in growing pigs. Therefore, in this study, we sought to estimate endogenous protein and AA ileal losses in piglets. Furthermore, apparent and true ileal digestibility (AID and TID) of protein and AAs from casein were measured.ResultsThe average flow of protein was 20.8 g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI). Basal protein loss, as estimated by regression, was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid (2.2, 1.4, and 1.2 g/kg DMI, respectively) were the AAs for which greater losses were seen. The AID of protein and AAs increased as the protein level in the diet increased. A higher increment in AID was observed between diets with 80 and160 g CP/kg of feed; this finding was mainly attributable to increases in glycine and arginine (46.1% and 18%, respectively). The TID of protein was 97.8, and the TID of AAs varied from 93.9 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine.ConclusionsThe basal endogenous protein loss in piglets was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Endogenous protein was rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, which represented 32.7% of endogenous protein loss in weaning piglets. The TID of casein was high and varied from 93.0 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine.

Standardized ileal digestibility of proteins and amino acids in sesame expeller and soya bean meal in weaning piglets

“…Reported protein AID values for casein range from 81% to 89% (Walker et al., ; Mariscal‐Landín and Reis de Souza, ; Mariscal‐Landín et al., ; Cervantes‐Pahm and Stein, ; Reis de Souza et al., ), consistent with the values observed in the present study. The average indispensable AA AID of casein reported in the literature vary from 85.8% to 91.2%, while dispensable AA AID values range from 80.2% to 88.1% (Walker et al., ; Mariscal‐Landín and Reis de Souza, ; Mariscal‐Landín et al., ; Cervantes‐Pahm and Stein, ).…”

“…The protein and AA SID of casein observed in this study was similar to other studies with weanling pigs (Walker et al, 1986) and slightly lower than values reported in older and heavier piglets by Cervantes-Pahm and Stein (2010). Casein CP SID was similar to true ileal digestibility values estimated by regression for piglets of the same age (Reis de Souza et al, 2013). Some AA SID values, mainly those of indispensable AAs, were slightly lower than the AA true ileal digestibility values reported by these authors.…”

Determination of basal ileal endogenous losses and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in barley fed to growing pigs

“…Thus, extrapolation of IAA end from a dietary CP level of 109.1 g/kg DM to zero CP intake may be associated with some uncertainties as also indicated by the large standard error in the present study. On the other hand, all estimates of IAA end obtained in the present study were significantly different from zero, which is in agreement with the results of several other studies, where dietary CP levels of approximately 100 g/kg assay diet resulted in significant estimates of IAA end associated with large standard errors [ 3 , 13 , 34 , 36 , 41 , 42 ]. However, at smaller dietary CP below 50 g/kg, total (IAA end + feed specific) endogenous losses may increase in a nonlinear manner with increasing dietary inclusion level of the assay feed ingredient [ 43 ].…”

Is the kafirin profile capable of modulating the ileal digestibility of amino acids in a soybean meal-sorghum diet fed to pigs?

“…The γ-kafirins have a more effect on the digestibility of protein bodies than other kafirins as they have spatial stability due to their disulphide bonds ( Crevieu-Gabriel, 1999 ). Therefore, the higher content of γ-kafirins in LK sorghum could cause a more loss of the endogenous proteins in response to its lower digestibility, mainly because endogenous proteins are rich in threonine, proline, serine, and glycine ( Mariscal-Landín and Reis de Souza, 2006 , Ravindran, 2016 , Reis de Souza et al., 2013 ). This might explain the comparatively low digestibility of threonine and serine in LK sorghum, and the difference observed in feed efficiency among pigs that were fed diets with low-tannin sorghums and those that were fed a corn diet ( Marques et al., 2007 ).…”