Estimation of deviations in NO and soot emissions between steady-state and EUDC transient operation of a common-rail diesel engine

Eastwood, P G; Tufail, Khizer; Winstanley, T; Darlington, Alex; Karagiorgis, Stelios; Hardalupas, Y.; Taylor, A. M. K. P.

doi:10.4271/2009-24-0147

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Because transient testing utilizes specialty equipment not needed for steady-state testing, it can be convenient to use and/or extrapolate steady-state results to compare with transient results. Unfortunately, the literature has shown that engine performance under steady-state conditions is not a reliable indicator of transient or in-use emissions [2,3,4,5]. Significant portions of the total emissions are generated during the short periods when rapid speed or load changes occur [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transient RCCI Operation in a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine

Hanson¹,

Reitz²

2013

SAE Int. J. Engines

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Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) is an engine combustion strategy that utilizes in-cylinder fuel blending to produce low NO x and PM emissions, while maintaining high thermal efficiency. Previous RCCI steady-state performance studies provided a fundamental understanding of the RCCI combustion process in steady-state, singlecylinder and multi-cylinder engine tests. The current study investigates RCCI and conventional diesel combustion (CDC) operation in a light-duty multi-cylinder engine over transient operating conditions. In this study, a high-bandwidth, transient-capable engine test cell was used and multi-cylinder engine RCCI combustion is compared to CDC over a step load change from 1 to 4 bar BMEP at 1,500 rev/min. The engine experiments consisted of in-cylinder fuel blending using port fuel-injection (PFI) of gasoline and early-cycle, direct-injection (DI) of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) for the RCCI tests and used the same ULSD for the CDC tests. Over the step load change, both combustion modes were compared for combustion performance and emissions using fast response HC, NO and PM instrumentation. Similar intake pressures were used for both combustion modes to explore the robustness of the RCCI combustion strategy using real-world operating conditions with production viable hardware. It was found that the engine was able to operate with RCCI combustion with lower engine-out PM and NO but increased HC and CO emissions than CDC over the specified transient engine operating conditions using either open-or closed-loop feedback control of the combustion phasing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transient RCCI Operation in a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine

Hanson¹,

Reitz²

2013

SAE Int. J. Engines

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“…In contrast, light-duty US Federal certification testing can involve operating the vehicle under simulated realistic operating conditions, usually over transient test cycles such as the US EPA FTP75 [1]. While it is convenient to use and/or extrapolate steady-state results to compare with transient results, the literature has shown that engine performance under steady-state conditions is not always a reliable indicator of transient or in-use emissions [2,3,4,5]. Significant portions of the total emissions are generated during the short periods when rapid speed or load changes occur [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Engine Speed Transient Operation in a Light Duty RCCI Engine

Hanson¹,

Reitz²

2014

SAE Int. J. Engines

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Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) is an engine combustion strategy that utilizes in-cylinder fuel blending to produce low NO x and PM emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. The current study investigates RCCI and conventional diesel combustion (CDC) operation in a light-duty multi-cylinder engine over transient operating conditions using a high-bandwidth, transient capable engine test cell. Transient RCCI and CDC combustion and emissions results are compared over an up-speed change from 1,000 to 2,000 rev/min. and a down-speed change from 2,000 to 1,000 rev/min. at a constant 2.0 bar BMEP load.The engine experiments consisted of in-cylinder fuel blending with port fuel-injection (PFI) of gasoline and early-cycle, direct-injection (DI) of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) for the RCCI tests and the same ULSD for the CDC tests. At the selected engine load, a step speed change was commanded and both combustion modes were compared for performance and emissions using fast response HC, NO and PM instruments. Optimized intake conditions (i.e., intake pressure, temperature and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)) were used to explore the robustness of RCCI using real-world operating conditions. It was found that the engine was able to operate in the RCCI combustion mode using production level engine hardware with significantly lower engine-out PM and NO x emissions than CDC over the specified transient engine operating conditions.

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“…Present day emission models generally fall into two categories, at the extreme ends of the spectrum when it comes to complexity and computational speed: (i) lookup table based steady state models, and (ii) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with chemical kinetics based models. Quasi steady state models are computationally more efficient than CFD but fail to capture the transient effects [8]. Physics based quasi-D and multi-D CFD models for exhaust gas concentration take into account complex thermodynamical and chemical equations as well as side effects like swirl, tumble, quenching and local temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual sensors for transient diesel soot and NO<inf>x</inf> emissions: Neuro-fuzzy model tree with automatic relevance determination

Johri

Salvi

Filipi

2012

2012 American Control Conference (ACC)

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Abstract² The paper describes development of virtual sensors for transient diesel particulate and NO X emissions. The emission models developed in this paper belong to the family of KLHUDUFKLFDO PRGHOV QDPHO\ ³QHXUR-IX]]\ PRGHO WUHH´ The modeling techniques are motivated by the idea of divide and conquer the input-output space. The complex problem is divided into multiple simpler subproblems, which are then identified using simpler class of models. A specially designed multi-pseudo random perturbation signal and experimental tests are proposed to generate training data. The diesel engine is tested using integrated hardware and software tools for automated testing with high speed data recording. The engine out transient NO X and soot emission is recorded using fast emission analyzers. The data is then used to construct neurofuzzy model with Gaussian validity functions and local neural networks. An automatic relevance determination (ARD) GHULYHG IURP %D\H ¶V IUDPHZRUN LV GHULYHG DQG DSSOLHG IRU choosing appropriate model inputs and reducing the model complexity. Finally, the model is validated with testing data recorded during Engine-in-the-Loop (EIL) testing of engine coupled to virtual hybrid powertrain. It is shown that the prediction accuracy of the proposed models, both qualitatively and quantitatively, are very good with low computational cost.Index Terms² transient diesel emissions, neuro-fuzzy model, hierarchical models, automatic relevance determination (ARD), neural networks, multi-level pseudo random signal (MPRS)

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Estimation of deviations in NO and soot emissions between steady-state and EUDC transient operation of a common-rail diesel engine

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Transient RCCI Operation in a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine

Transient RCCI Operation in a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine

Experimental Investigation of Engine Speed Transient Operation in a Light Duty RCCI Engine

Virtual sensors for transient diesel soot and NO<inf>x</inf> emissions: Neuro-fuzzy model tree with automatic relevance determination

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