Estimation of consistency limits of fine-grained soils via regression analysis: A special case for high and very high plastic clayey soils in Istanbul

Abstract

Consistency limits are essential and simple design parameters that are utilized as standard entries of all kinds of soil investigation programs conducted for geotechnical projects which are constructed in/on fine grained soils. These limits also represent mineralogical and physical properties of clayey soils directly and used to estimate their strength and rigidity properties indirectly. However, the consistency tests are assumed as the simple and basic tests of geotechnical engineering investigations, but the effects of operator, calibration of the device and environmental aspects at the tests damage the reliability and correctness of results. In this paper, it is aimed to overcome these challenges by evaluating the consistency characteristics of clayey soils considering only the values of liquid limit of specific clays with the use of simple regression analysis. A database is prepared by using 500 soil investigation reports that are involving the site characterization information, laboratory and field tests of Istanbul Province European side clayey soils, including Avcılar, Esenyurt, Küçükçekmece, Büyükçekmece, Çatalca, Zeytinburnu, Bahçelievler, Bakırköy districts. 1523 liquid limit tests are obtained from the mentioned database for high and very high plastic clays. The regression analyses have been applied to query the parameter effect ratio on the consistent characteristics and relationships have been tried to be developed to evaluate the values of plastic limit and plasticity index directly from only liquid limit test applications. The effects of fine material content, depth and natural water content is also investigated. Verifications of the suggested equations have been done for different cases and comparisons are made with the well-known sources of literature. Consequently, strong equations are acquired to determine the plasticity index value in terms of liquid limit, liquid limit-depth, liquid limit-fine content, natural water content-fine content respectively based on the actual experimental tests conducted in Istanbul.

Review of Recent Developments and Understanding of Atterberg Limits Determinations

“…Further, compared to conventional consistency limits testing apparatuses, spectroscopy equipment is not as readily available or robust. For intermediate to extremely-high plasticity clays from Istanbul Province (Turkey), Akbay Arama et al [85] reported relatively strong correlations, obtained from power regression analysis of a very large database (1523 LL tests), for evaluating the values of I P(PC) directly from only LL PC test results. However, with a wide variety of clay soils inevitably present in such a large deposit, as evident from the huge scatter of the experimental data, plotting from the A-line up to the U-line in the Casagrande-USCS plasticity chart, it is evident that the reported correlation could not consistently produce reliable I P(PC) predictions, for subsequent use in deducing design parameter values from existing correlations based on I P(PC) data.…”

Time-varying reliability models for parallel systems consisting of beam structures with crack flaws

“…Moreover, the components in the parallel system may contain certain defects, such as cracks or holes. These defects can cause mutual influence on the performance degradation of each component (Hsu and Shu, 2010;van Noortwijk, 2009;Arama et al, 2020). Therefore, the time-varying reliability evaluation of mechan-ical parallel systems with performance degradation of components becomes extremely complicated due to the complex failure dependence among components.…”