Estimation of aldehyde groups in hydrocellulose from cotton

Martin, A. R.; Smith, Leverett R.; Whistler, Roy L.; Harris, M.

doi:10.6028/jres.027.031

Cited by 51 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The non-dialyzable solution was then lyophilized to give Fraction 9 (2.2418 g; 46.5 %), the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of the cell wall. This fraction had [a]25 = _ 9.00 ± 20 (C, 1.06% in N sodium hydroxide) and a number-average degree of polymerization of 16, determined by alkaline hypoiodite oxidation (13). On hydrolysis the polysaccharides yielded a mixture of sugars consisting of galactose, 6.7 %; glucose, 34.3 %; arabinose, 29.1 %; and xylose, 29.8 %.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Constitution of the Primary Cell Walls of Avena Coleoptiles.

Bishop¹,

Bayley²,

Setterfield³

1958

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In studies of the structure and development of primary walls of plant cells, little detailed attention has been given to the non-cellulosic components of the wall. Indeed, as Bonner (6, p. drous calcium chloride for at least 18 hours. Hydrolyses were carried out by heating samples of 10 to 20 mg of the various fractions with 1 ml N hydrochloric acid in a sealed tube at 1000 C for 8 hours. Chromatograms were run by the descending method (17) using one of the following solvent systems: (A) pyridine ethyl acetate : water-i : 2 : 2 (11); (B) ethyl acetate acetic acid: water-3 1: 3 (11); (C) n-butanol : pyridine: water-6 4: 3 (10). Sugars were detected on the chromatograms by the p-anisidine hydrochloride spray reagent (10) and were chromatographically identified by running samples of known sugars on the same paper sheet. At least two solvent systems were used to establish this identification. Nitrogen was determined on 15 to 25 mg samples by the micro-Kjeldahl method and protein was taken as 6 times the micro-Kjeldahl value.The supernatant and washings from the ground coleoptiles were dialyzed in Visking cellophane tubing against fresh distilled water for three 24-hour periods. A precipitate which formed inside the dialysis tube was centrifuged, washed once with water and dried to give Fraction 1 (0.5323 g; N, 9.85 % = 59 % protein). After hydrolysis, chromatography (solvents A and C) revealed the presence of arabinose, xylose, glucose and galactose in the approximate ratios shown in table I.The supernatant liquor from Fraction 1 was concentrated to 1/20 its volume and ethanol was added until precipitation was complete. The precipitate was centrifuged and dried to give Fraction 2 (0.3166 g; N, 5.26 % = 32 % protein). Hydrolysis and chromatography (solvents A and C) showed the presence of arabinose, xylose, glucose and galactose (table I).The ethanolic mother liquors from Fraction 2 were evaporated to dryness and the residue was redissolved in ethanol. Addition of ether caused precipitation of Fraction 3 which was washed once with ether and dried (0.2360 g; N, 3.6 % = 22 % protein). Arabinose, xylose and glucose were detected chromatographically (solvents A and C) after hydrolysis. Evaporation of the supernatant liquor from Fraction 3 left no residue indicating that Fractions 1, 2 and 3 together represented all of the non-dialyzable material washed from the coleoptiles by water.The washed sediment from the original ground coleoptiles was dried in air, ground through a Wiley mill (20-mesh screen), and dried to constant weight at a pressure of 0.03 mm Hg over phosphorus pentoxide. For convenience, this dried product (Fraction 4; 4.8286 g after removal of 0.0255 g for N determination; N, 1.58 % = 9.5 % protein) was regarded as the total primary cell wall material to which Fractions 5 to 9 are referred in terms of percent by dry weight (see discussion and table I).Fraction 4 was extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus 283 www.plantphysiol.org on May 10, 2018 -Published by Downloaded from

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Constitution of the Primary Cell Walls of Avena Coleoptiles.

Bishop¹,

Bayley²,

Setterfield³

1958

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…'s of the primary and secondary precipitates were measured by reducing end-group estimation. Alkaline hypoiodite was used as the titrating agent, and the procedure was that described by Martin, et al [17] for the end-group estimation of hydrocellulose. In the titrations of the precipitates, an excess of 300% of the iodine reagent was employed.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Preparation O Starting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Studies

Martin

Pacsu

1956

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…of a 0.1 N sodium carbonate -bicarbonate buffei a t pH 9.7, with 25 cc. of 0.1 N iodine in 2y0 potassium iodide (20,29). The oxidation was for 2.5 hr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third ~llethocl of differentiation depended upon the selective oxidation of aldoses, as opposed to ketoses, by alkaline hypoiodite (I), and the conditions chosen, pH 9.7 for two and one-half hours, were similar to those successfull-g~ used for llydrocelluloses (20,29). Control experi~neilts with unmodified starch were necessary.…”

Section: Differentiation Of Aldehyde a N D Icetone Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Carboxyl, Aldehyde, and Ketone Groups in Chromium Trioxide Oxystarches

Ellington¹,

Purves²

1953

Can. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Under identical conditioris, corn starch arnyiose was more readily oxidized than the arnylopectin by chromium trioxide dissolved in acetic acid -acetic anhydride, which was a nonswelling system. These differences in rate nearly vanished for samples dried through solvent exchange when the oxidant was dissolved in a swellir~g medium, 0.2 111 aqueous sulphuric acid. The absolute rate of oxidation, however, was. greatly reduced.Carboxyl groups in the oxystarches were satisfactorily estimated either by ion-exchange with calcium acetate or sodium bromide solutions, or by direct titration to about pH 8.5 with aqueous alkali. The samples retained chro~niirrn compounds which grossly interfered with the determination of total carbonyl groups by corldensation with hydroxylamine hydrochloride; coridensation with excess sodium cyanide, and estimation of the arnmonia from the hydrolysis of the cyanohydrins, gave better results.Aldel~yde groups in an osystarch containing 0.16 M. of carboxyl and 0.14 M.of carbonyl groups were selectively oxidized with chlorous acid or alkaline hypoiodite, or were selectively condensed with sodii~rn bisulphite solution. All three estimations indicated that about one-third of the carbony1 groups were aldehydes probably occupying the sixth positions in the glucose residues. The cyanohydrin of the osystarch, when saponified and then hydrolyzed and reduced with boiling hydriodic acid, yielded the lactone of 2-methyl-4-hydroxyhexanoic acid, the recovery of which showed that a t least 177, of the carbonyl groups occurred as 2-ketoglucose residues.

show abstract

Estimation of aldehyde groups in hydrocellulose from cotton

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

Chemical Constitution of the Primary Cell Walls of Avena Coleoptiles.

Chemical Constitution of the Primary Cell Walls of Avena Coleoptiles.

Cellulose Studies

Estimation of Carboxyl, Aldehyde, and Ketone Groups in Chromium Trioxide Oxystarches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About