Estimating Water Footprint of Palm Oil Production in PTP Mitra Ogan Baturaja, South Sumatera

Abstract

Rising demand for palm oil has led to the rapid expansion of palm oil industry in Indonesia. Consequently, the environmental and social issues including water-related problems have become a major concern. Inevitably, water consumption in this sector is very important to be analyzed. Water footprint is one of the methods that can be used as a tool for the sustainable appropriation of freshwater resources. Here we investigated the water footprint in both oil palm cultivation and milling processes carried out by PTP Mitra Ogan, the largest plantation companies in South Sumatera. The goal eventually was to formulate the strategies to reduce the water footprint in the palm oil production based on the best practice criteria. This study reveals that the total water footprint of oil palm done by PTP Mitra Ogan (487 ton) is 980.9 m 3 /ton, while that of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) (5.7 ton) is 3,818.6 m 3 / ton and processing kernel (0.74 ton) is 2,174.3 m 3 / ton. This study reveals that the intensive use of inorganic fertilizers during the cultivation process caused the high value of the water footprint in the farming stage, so that the use of inorganic fertilizers must be controlled. In the industrial processes, total water use in all stages of the production of CPO and kernel was 1.36 m 3 / ton of fresh fruit bunch produced, whereas the wastewater produce was approximately 306.81 m 3 /ton. It reveals that there was an inefficient use of water in the milling processes so that the implementation of the steam accumulator and reuse of wastewater discharged can be alternatives in reducing the water footprint in the palm oil milling process for better water resource management.

Sustainability of the Water Footprint of Various Soil Types on Oil Palm Plantations

“…The grey WF obtained was 8.9 % which is relatively lower than the average grey WF of oil crops worldwide. Another study of oil palm water footprint in Ogan Baturaja, South Sumatera presented an estimated 980,88 m 3 ton -1 for total water footprint and 821, 23, 137 m 3 ton -1 for green, blue, and gray water footprint respectively [25]. One other case study from oil palm plantation in Thailand 1063 m 3 ton -1 for total water footprint which comprised of 68, 18, and 14% green, the blue and grey water footprint of total WF, respectively.…”