Estimating the prevalence of hypertension corrected for the effect of within-person variability in blood pressure

Klungel, Olaf H.; Boer, Anthonius de; Paes, A. H. P.; Nagelkerke, Nico; Seidell, Jacob C.; Bakker, A.

doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00228-6

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…11 We need to point out that prevalences of hypertension in our study are overestimated due to single BP measurements in epidemiological surveys. 12 However, this is unlikely to have had a large effect on PAR% and the ranking of risk factors in the different populations. Also, there are several uncertainties with regard to uniform assessment of risk factor prevalences in different populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations

2005

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The impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension was quantified for Finland, Italy, The Netherlands, UK and USA. For this purpose, we combined data of blood pressure (BP) and risk factors distributions in these five countries with BP estimates from randomized controlled trials of dietary and lifestyle factors to obtain population attributable risk percentages (PAR%) for hypertension. Overweight made a substantial contribution to hypertension (PAR%: 11-17%), as was the case for excessive sodium intake (9-17%), low potassium intake (4-17%), physical inactivity (5-13%), and low intake of fish oil (3-16%). PAR% were smaller for low calcium intake (2-8%), low magnesium intake (4-8%), excessive coffee consumption (1-9%) and excessive alcohol intake (2-3%). We conclude that diet and lifestyle have a major impact on hypertension in Western societies. The relative significance of different risk factors varies among populations, which is important for preventive strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations

2005

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“…However, this should have minimal effects on within-sample comparisons and it is an inherent problem of large epidemiological investigations. 43 Important strengths of the present study are the large sample study, its nationwide scope and its general population coverage. As such, the results of the current study can be extrapolated to the general population.…”

Section: Hypertension In Vietnammentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Vietnam—results from a national survey

et al. 2011

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The objective of this study was to estimate mean blood pressure (BP), prevalence of hypertension (defined as BP X140/90 mm Hg) and its awareness, treatment and control in the Vietnamese adult population. This crosssectional survey took place in eight Vietnamese provinces and cities. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select 9832 participants from the general population aged 25 years and over. Trained observers obtained two or three BP measurements from each person, using an automatic sphygmomanometer. Information on socio-geographical factors and anti-hypertensive medications was obtained using a standard questionnaire. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.1%, 28.3% in men and 23.1% in women. Among hypertensives, 48.4% were aware of their elevated BP, 29.6% had treatment and 10.7% achieved targeted BP control (o140/90 mm Hg). Among hypertensive aware, 61.1% had treatment, and among hypertensive treated, 36.3% had well control. Hypertension increased with age in both men and women. The hypertension was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas (32.7 vs 17.3%, Po0.001). Hypertension is a major and increasing public health problem in Vietnam. Prevalence among adults is high, whereas the proportions of hypertensives aware, treated and controlled were unacceptably low. These results imply an urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention and control of hypertension in Vietnam.

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“…They also reported that the within-person variance increased with longer measurement intervals and fewer measurements per visit, and was influenced by the type of measurement device. 27 Cook et al 28 showed that for the measurement interval of 3 years, the within-person variance of SBP was 71.4 mm Hg 2 , whereas for three measurements per visit, two visits 1 week apart, it decreased to 24.2 mm Hg (n ¼ 326). 29 We found that SBP and MAP are more reliable measures than DBP and PP, partly because any random measurement errors that affect SBP or DBP are halved in calculating the average.…”

Section: Summary Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure re-screening for healthy adults: what is the best measure and interval?

et al. 2011

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Blood pressure (BP) screening is important to identify those at risk of cardiovascular disease, but there has been little data on the appropriate interval of screening. We aimed to evaluate the optimal interval and the best measure for BP re-screening by estimating the long-term, true change variance ('signal') and shortterm, within-person variance ('noise'). Study design was a cohort study from 2005 to 2008. Target population was Japanese healthy adults not taking antihypertensive medication at baseline, in a teaching hospital. We measured annually the systolic BP (SBP) and the diastolic BP (DBP), and calculated the pulse pressure (PP) and the mean arterial pressure (MAP). A total of 15 055 individuals (51% male) with a mean age of 49 years had annual check-ups. Short-term coefficient of variation was lowest for MAP at 5.2%, followed by SBP (5.7%) and DBP (5.8%), and highest for PP (12%). After 3 years, the 'signal' of true BP changes of only SBP and MAP equaled the 'noise' of BP measurement; however, it was larger for those with higher initial BPs. SBP or MAP appears to be a better screening measure. The optimal interval should be 3 years or more, with SBPo130 mm Hg and 2 years for those with SBPX130 mm Hg.

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Estimating the prevalence of hypertension corrected for the effect of within-person variability in blood pressure

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations

Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Vietnam—results from a national survey

Blood pressure re-screening for healthy adults: what is the best measure and interval?

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