Estimating the impact of physical distancing measures in containing COVID-19: an empirical analysis

Koh, Wee Chian; Naing, Lin; Wong, Justin

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.026

Cited by 128 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The left column describes the main categories in this group of articles. Subcategory Country and references Effects on spreading Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay [309] ; Australia [310] Bangladesh [311] ; China [31] , [32] , [33] , [312] , [313] , [314] , [315] ; China, Germany, India, Italy, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, UK, USA [316] ; Italy [317] , [318] ; New Zealand [319] ; Puerto Rico [320] ; South Korea [321] ; Taiwan [322] ; USA [323] , [324] , [325] , [326] , [327] , [328] ; 44 countries [329] ; 53 countries [330] ; 56 countries [331] ; 142 countries [332] ; 149 countries [333] Effects on behaviors China [334] ; China, Italy [335] ; Denmark, Sweden [336] ; Germany [337] USA [338] , [339] , [340] , [341] ; 20 countries [342] ; 67 countries [343] Effects on medical practice Italy [344] ; Netherlands [345] ; UK [346] …”

Section: Quantifying the Effects On Npismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These articles study the impact on the unfolding of the disease focusing on the measures adopted in a specific country [31] , [32] , [33] , [309] , [310] , [311] , [312] , [313] , [315] , [317] , [318] , [319] , [320] , [322] , [323] , [324] , [325] , [326] , [327] , proposing multi country analyses [316] , [329] , [330] , [331] , [332] , [333] , and characterizing the effects of NPIs on other diseases [314] , [321] , [328] .…”

Section: Quantifying the Effects On Npismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ref. [332] investigates the impact of NPIs in

countries. In doing so, they link, via a regression model, the variations of

with NPIs considering also several country specific covariates.…”

Section: Quantifying the Effects On Npismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review

2021

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Infectious diseases and human behavior are intertwined. On one side, our movements and interactions are the engines of transmission. On the other, the unfolding of viruses might induce changes to our daily activities. While intuitive, our understanding of such feedback loop is still limited. Before COVID-19 the literature on the subject was mainly theoretical and largely missed validation. The main issue was the lack of empirical data capturing behavioral change induced by diseases. Things have dramatically changed in 2020. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been the key weapon against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and affected virtually any societal process. Travels bans, events cancellation, social distancing, curfews, and lockdowns have become unfortunately very familiar. The scale of the emergency, the ease of survey as well as crowdsourcing deployment guaranteed by the latest technology, several Data for Good programs developed by tech giants, major mobile phone providers, and other companies have allowed unprecedented access to data describing behavioral changes induced by the pandemic. Here, I review some of the vast literature written on the subject of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, I analyze 348 articles written by more than 2518 of authors in the first 12 months of the emergency. While the large majority of the sample was obtained by querying PubMed, it includes also a hand-curated list. Considering the focus, and methodology I have classified the sample into seven main categories: epidemic models, surveys, comments/perspectives, papers aiming to quantify the effects of NPIs, reviews, articles using data proxies to measure NPIs, and publicly available datasets describing NPIs. I summarize the methodology, data used, findings of the articles in each category and provide an outlook highlighting future challenges as well as opportunities.

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Section: Quantifying the Effects On Npismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantifying the Effects On Npismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review

2021

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“…It is believed that reducing outings is effective in preventing the spread of infection by reducing contact between people, and some countries imposed severe restrictions on outings, including penalties [1][2][3][4] . The Declaration of a State of Emergency in Japan was similar to other countries' policies in that it aimed to reduce contact between people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How was this reduction in outings achieved under a request-based policy with no penalties? Although there have been studies on the impact of lockdown policies on COVID-19 cases or epidemiological dynamics 1,3,4,7,8 , it is not clear how the reduction in outings was achieved in countries with relatively modest restrictions on outings. More precisely, it is self-evident that there has been a decrease in outings in countries with severe restrictions, but it is not clear what supports this decrease in outings in countries, such as Japan, with a request-based policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Internet use and leaving home during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan

Yabe¹,

Hanibuchi²,

Hm³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Following the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Japanese government announced the Declaration of a State of Emergency in April 2020, which aimed to decrease contact between people and requested that residents refrain from leaving home. Even in the absence of penalties, outings decreased under the declaration. We are interested in how outings declined and studied the substitution relationship between Internet use and outings. A web-based survey was conducted to collect data on Internet use and outings in a retrospective manner. The period covered by our data is from mid-February to mid-May 2020. Multilevel analysis and correspondence analysis were performed to examine the relationship between Internet use and outings. The results clearly show that Internet use replaced outings. In particular, Internet use for socializing, exercise, and leisure/entertainment had a significant substitution relationship with outings. In contrast, there was a weak substitution relationship between Internet use for daily shopping and outings. Although telework tends to be an accepted focus of Internet use under the COVID-19 outbreak, it should not be overlooked that other uses of the Internet, such as for leisure/entertainment, also supported the decline in outings.

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