International travel-related control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review

Burns, Jacob; Movsisyan, Ani; Stratil, Jan M.; Biallas, Renke L; Coenen, Michaela; Emmert-Fees, Karl; Geffert, Karin; Hoffmann, Sabine; Horstick, Olaf; Laxy, Michael; Klinger, Carmen; Kratzer, Suzie; Litwin, Tim; Norris, Susan L.; Pfadenhauer, Lisa M.; Philipsborn, Peter von; Sell, Kerstin; Stadelmaier, Julia; Verboom, Ben; Voss, Stephan; Wabnitz, Katharina; Rehfuess, Eva

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013717.pub2

Cited by 72 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…This scoping review complements a Cochrane rapid review on the effectiveness of international travel-related control measures 8 and provides a broad overview and an initial understanding of potential unintended consequences of international travel measures. The 23 included studies examined the effects of various measures—the complete closure of national borders, international travel restrictions, quarantine of travellers crossing national borders, as well as combinations of international travel measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These range from the relatively non-intrusive, such as entry and exit screening at national borders, to the more severe, such as travel bans and the complete closure of national borders. 7 A Cochrane rapid review assessed the effectiveness of international travel measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 8 finding an expansive and heterogeneous evidence base suggesting (albeit with low to very low certainty) that some of these measures have a positive impact on infectious disease-related outcomes. However, none of the included studies reported on adverse effects or unintended consequences, a gap that is likely, in part, an artefact of the review’s reliance on biomedical databases, its exclusion of qualitative evidence and the failure or inability of most studies of disease transmission (notably modelling studies) to examine broader societal outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unintended health and societal consequences of international travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Klinger¹,

Burns²,

Movsisyan³

et al. 2021

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Rationale for Review International travel measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic represent a relatively intrusive form of non-pharmaceutical intervention. To inform decision-making on the (re)implementation, adaptation, relaxation or suspension of such measures, it is essential to not only assess their effectiveness but also their unintended effects. This scoping review maps existing empirical studies on the unintended consequences, both predicted and unforeseen, and beneficial or harmful, of international travel measures. We searched multiple health, non-health and COVID-19-specific databases. The evidence was charted in a map in relation to the study design, intervention and outcome categories identified and discussed narratively. Key findings Twenty-three studies met our inclusion criteria—nine quasi-experimental, two observational, two mathematical modelling, six qualitative, and four mixed-methods studies. Studies addressed different population groups across various countries worldwide. Seven studies provided information on unintended consequences of the closure of national borders, six looked at international travel restrictions, and three investigated mandatory quarantine of international travelers. No studies looked at entry and/or exit screening at national borders exclusively, however six studies considered this intervention in combination with other international travel measures. In total, eleven studies assessed various combinations of the aforementioned interventions. The outcomes were mostly referred to by the authors as harmful. Fifteen studies identified a variety of economic consequences, six reported on aspects related to quality of life, well-being, and mental health, and five on social consequences. One study each provided information on equity, equality, and the fair distribution of benefits and burdens, environmental consequences and health system consequences. Conclusions/recommendations This scoping review represents the first step towards a systematic assessment of the unintended benefits and harms of international travel measures during COVID-19. The key research gaps identified might be filled with targeted primary research, as well as the additional consideration of gray literature and non-empirical studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended health and societal consequences of international travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Klinger¹,

Burns²,

Movsisyan³

et al. 2021

Journal of Travel Medicine

Self Cite

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“…Quarantine measures were also either implemented de novo or continued. See an extensive review of the types of measures used in ( Burns et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of COVID-19 variant importation – How useful are travel control measures?

Arino¹,

Boëlle²,

Milliken³

et al. 2021

Infectious Disease Modelling

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We consider models for the importation of a new variant COVID-19 strain in a location already seeing propagation of a resident variant. By distinguishing contaminations generated by imported cases from those originating in the community, we are able to evaluate the contribution of importations to the dynamics of the disease in a community. We find that after an initial seeding, the role of importations becomes marginal compared to that of community-based propagation. We also evaluate the role of two travel control measures, quarantine and travel interruptions. We conclude that quarantine is an efficacious way of lowering importation rates, while travel interruptions have the potential to delay the consequences of importations but need to be applied within a very tight time window following the initial emergence of the variant.

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“…Due to its rapid spread and important impact on population morbidity and mortality, measures to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been implemented worldwide. Among these measures, quarantine, social distancing, and social isolation resulted in the closure of commerce, public outdoor spaces (i.e., squares, parks, and beaches), schools, and universities [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Differences in Generalized Anxiety Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic among Brazilian University Students: a National Survey

Júnior

Macêna

Oliveira

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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There is evidence that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in anxiety and depression rates among college students. However, little is known about how generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) developed among individuals of different race/ skin color. This study aimed to determine whether there are racial differences in GAD in Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study, carried out through the application of online questionnaires to university students from 94 Brazilian universities. Self-reported data on age, sex, economic class, race/skin color, anthropometric data, and adherence to social distancing measures were collected. To determine the GAD, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7item scale was applied. A total of 5879 participants were included, with a mean age of 24.1 ± 6.4 years, and the majority were female (n = 4324, 73.5%), most self-declared to be whites (n = 2945, 50.1%), followed by browns (n = 2185, 37.2%) and blacks (n = 749, 12.7%). The prevalence of GAD among black Brazilian university students (47.3% [95% CI 43.7, 50.8]) was significantly higher than that of browns (38.6% [95% CI 36.6, 40.7]) and whites (44.1% [95% CI 42.3, 45.9]), even after multivariable adjustment by other sociodemographic factors. The findings of the present study suggest a possible racial difference in GAD among Brazilian university students, in which those who declared their race/skin color as black showed a greater risk for GAD than those who declared themselves as white or brown.

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International travel-related control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review

Cited by 72 publications

References 207 publications

Unintended health and societal consequences of international travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Unintended health and societal consequences of international travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Risk of COVID-19 variant importation – How useful are travel control measures?

Racial Differences in Generalized Anxiety Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic among Brazilian University Students: a National Survey

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