Estimating the Effectiveness of Tetanus-Diphtheria-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) for Preventing Pertussis: Evidence of Rapidly Waning Immunity and Difference in Effectiveness by Tdap Brand

Koepke, Ruth; Eickhoff, Jens; Ayele, Roman; Petit, Ashley B.; Schauer, Stephanie L.; Hopfensperger, Daniel J.; Conway, James H.; Davis, Jeffrey P.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu322

Cited by 144 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We 8,13 and others [9][10][11] have previously shown that the effectiveness of DTaP vaccines wanes substantially, even among fully vaccinated children. An important consideration in this current study is that Tdap waning estimates may reflect both ongoing 20 Our results are also consistent with a case-control study that investigated Tdap VE during a 2012 pertussis outbreak in Washington State. This study estimated that among adolescents with an exclusive acellular pertussis vaccine history, VE was 73% within 1 year of vaccination and declined to 34% by 2 to 4 years after Tdap.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 85%

Waning Tdap Effectiveness in Adolescents

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because the effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine wanes substantially after the fifth dose at ages 4 to 6 years, there is a growing cohort of adolescents who rely on tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) for protection against pertussis. Yet despite high Tdap vaccine coverage among adolescents, California experienced large pertussis outbreaks in 2010 and 2014. We investigated Tdap vaccine effectiveness (VE) and waning within Kaiser Permanente Northern California among adolescents exclusively vaccinated with DTaP vaccines.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 85%

Waning Tdap Effectiveness in Adolescents

et al. 2016

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“…Waning immunity in cohorts that received aP vaccines for their childhood series has been welldocumented in recent studies. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Infants are at greatest risk for disease and death from pertussis, especially during the first 2 months of life before pertussis immunizations begin. Numerous studies have evaluated the source of pertussis transmission to infants and typically report an unknown source of infection for $50% of infant cases.…”

Section: What's Known On This Subjectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Infant Pertussis Infection in the United States

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND: Pertussis is poorly controlled, with the highest rates of morbidity and mortality among infants. Although the source of infant pertussis is often unknown, when identified, mothers have historically been the most common reservoir of transmission. Despite high vaccination coverage, disease incidence has been increasing. We examined whether infant source of infection (SOI) has changed in the United States in light of the changing epidemiology.

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“…Several studies have suggested reasons for the resurgence of pertussis in the United States, including waning immunity from the acellular pertussis vaccine that replaced whole cell vaccine (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18); medical advancements that have allowed more effective diagnosis and reporting of pertussis cases (19,20); asymptomatic transmission of B. pertussis from individuals vaccinated with the acellular pertussis vaccine (21,22); evolving variant strains of B. pertussis circulating that are less protected by the vaccine (23)(24)(25); and a decrease in vaccine coverage that has compromised herd/community immunity (1,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). It is clear that the rise in reported pertussis cases in the United States is a multifaceted problem not fully captured in national or state-level data.…”

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confidence: 99%

Geospatial analysis of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and pertussis outbreaks in the United States

Aloe

Kulldorff

Bloom

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Because of increased numbers of recorded pertussis cases in the United States, this study sought to understand the role of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and waning immunity may have had on the resurgence of pertussis in the United States at the community level. We used geospatial scan statistics, SaTScan, version 9.4, to analyze nonmedical vaccine exemptions of children entering kindergarten in 2011 and 2012 and reported pertussis cases in 2012 for children in age groups 5 years and younger and 10 to 14 years. Eight statistically significant clusters of nonmedical vaccine exemptions in kindergarteners and 11 statistically significant clusters of pertussis cases in children and adolescents were identified and geospatially linked. Forty-five percent of the counties in the study had high rates of nonmedical vaccine exemptions. The proportion of kindergarteners with nonmedical vaccine exemptions was 2.8 times larger in the identified exemption clusters. In addition, 31 counties had geographic clusters of high rates of pertussis in children ages 10 to 14 years old, consistent with waning immunity. Our findings are consistent with the view that geographic clusters of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and waning immunity may have been factors contributing to community-level pertussis outbreaks.

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Estimating the Effectiveness of Tetanus-Diphtheria-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) for Preventing Pertussis: Evidence of Rapidly Waning Immunity and Difference in Effectiveness by Tdap Brand

Cited by 144 publications

References 29 publications

Waning Tdap Effectiveness in Adolescents

Waning Tdap Effectiveness in Adolescents

Sources of Infant Pertussis Infection in the United States

Geospatial analysis of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and pertussis outbreaks in the United States

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