Sources of Infant Pertussis Infection in the United States

Skoff, Tami H.; Kenyon, Cynthia; Cocoros, Noelle M; Liko, Juventila; Miller, Lisa; Kudish, Kathy; Baumbach, Joan; Zansky, Shelley; Faulkner, Amanda E.; Martin, Stacey W.

doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1120

Cited by 127 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additional information has emerged in a number of reports from Australia and The Netherlands indicating that older children have become the most common SOI to their infant brothers and sisters (253,524,542). In September 2015, Skoff and colleagues used enhanced pertussis surveillance data collected over an 8-year period (2006 to 2013) from seven states (Colorado, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mexico, New York, and Oregon) to identify the most common source of pertussis infection in the United States (543). The results of this study showed that siblings (mean age, ϳ8 years) are the main SOI (35.5%), followed by mothers (20.6%), and fathers (10%).…”

Section: Tdap Immunization For Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYPertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused byBordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution ofB. pertussisstrains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmitB. pertussisto younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding ofB. pertussispathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

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Section: Tdap Immunization For Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

et al. 2016

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“…22,23 A recent study found that siblings (median age 8 years) are now the most common source of pertussis infection in infants 24 ; however, it is not clear whether adolescent Tdap boosters are important for protecting infants. 25 Tdap vaccination of pregnant women is likely to have a larger impact on pertussis in infants.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Waning Tdap Effectiveness in Adolescents

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because the effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine wanes substantially after the fifth dose at ages 4 to 6 years, there is a growing cohort of adolescents who rely on tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) for protection against pertussis. Yet despite high Tdap vaccine coverage among adolescents, California experienced large pertussis outbreaks in 2010 and 2014. We investigated Tdap vaccine effectiveness (VE) and waning within Kaiser Permanente Northern California among adolescents exclusively vaccinated with DTaP vaccines.

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“…These findings were expected because pertussis is highly infectious and spreads easily within households and communities. The results from a 2015 investigation indicated that siblings are the primary source of pertussis infection among infants (52). Thus, communities where there are high levels of nonmedical vaccine exemptions have some risk for community-level pertussis outbreaks in both young children and adolescents.…”

Section: Nonmedical Vaccine Exemptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial analysis of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and pertussis outbreaks in the United States

Aloe

Kulldorff

Bloom

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Because of increased numbers of recorded pertussis cases in the United States, this study sought to understand the role of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and waning immunity may have had on the resurgence of pertussis in the United States at the community level. We used geospatial scan statistics, SaTScan, version 9.4, to analyze nonmedical vaccine exemptions of children entering kindergarten in 2011 and 2012 and reported pertussis cases in 2012 for children in age groups 5 years and younger and 10 to 14 years. Eight statistically significant clusters of nonmedical vaccine exemptions in kindergarteners and 11 statistically significant clusters of pertussis cases in children and adolescents were identified and geospatially linked. Forty-five percent of the counties in the study had high rates of nonmedical vaccine exemptions. The proportion of kindergarteners with nonmedical vaccine exemptions was 2.8 times larger in the identified exemption clusters. In addition, 31 counties had geographic clusters of high rates of pertussis in children ages 10 to 14 years old, consistent with waning immunity. Our findings are consistent with the view that geographic clusters of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and waning immunity may have been factors contributing to community-level pertussis outbreaks.

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Sources of Infant Pertussis Infection in the United States

Cited by 127 publications

References 17 publications

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

Waning Tdap Effectiveness in Adolescents

Geospatial analysis of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and pertussis outbreaks in the United States

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