“…Wang et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2004;Zhao et al, 2004), ecological degradation and restoration (Samways, 2000;Samways et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2012), management and planning of islands and their surrounding seas (Oost et al, 2012;Saunders, 1990;Sovacool, 2012), and the response of island ecosystems to anthropogenic effects (Angeler & Alvarez-Cobelas, 2005;Lin et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2010). Land-use and land-cover changes are underlying causes of the fragmentation and loss of natural habitat (Alcamo & Bennett, 2003).…”