Estimating the cost of two-wheeler road accident injuries in India using the willingness to pay method

Influence of Psychological Perspectives and Demographics on Drivers’ Valuation of Road Accidents: A Combination of Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Preference Heterogeneity Model

“…Figure 4 presents the proportion percentage between below and above zero of each random parameter (red representing the probability of below zero, and above zero is gray). This study also revealed that most male drivers have at least a Low-WTP, indicating a higher likelihood to pay, as males perceive that their driving behavior makes them a higher risk for accidents than females (consistent with results of Balakrishnan and Karuppanagounder [ 13 ] and Yang, et al [ 40 ], who concluded that male drivers have a higher perception of their risk behavior, resulting in a higher WTP). Moreover, results from Andersson [ 33 ] showed that female drivers were less likely to pay for safety improvement compared with male drivers.…”

“…First, married drivers tend to prefer a WTP of 0, from which we can imply that married Thai drivers have more expenses, resulting in no intention to pay more. Drivers’ income is also found to be an influential factor associated with WTP [ 13 , 33 ]. A salary of at least 15,000 baht falls within Thailand’s middle-income group; thus, drivers with adequate salaries are more likely to pay for safety rather than be reluctant to pay [ 15 ] (this finding is also consistent with that of Mon, et al [ 42 ], who discovered that middle-income drivers have a positive effect on WTP).…”

“…Many previous studies have used WTP for evaluating road accident risk. Nevertheless, the majority of these studies explored the potential factors that influence individual valuation of road accidents, most of which include socio-demographics [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], accident experience [ 14 , 15 ], or driving behavior [ 16 , 17 ]. However, from policymakers’ perspective, examining only demographic or environmental factors may be a weak and insufficient approach for developing strategic policies to improve road safety.…”

State-wise Economic Burden of Road Traffic Accidents in India

“…(Ruikar 2013) In the context of increasing road mobility, road accidents have become a major concern, particularly in developing countries. (Balakrishnan and Karuppanagounder 2020) With one of the largest road networks in the world, India’s roadways are essential conduits for the movement of people and goods, fostering the growth and development of the country’s economy. (Anon 2021c) However, the increased level of road mobility, coupled with insufficient infrastructure, slack enforcement of traffic laws, and pervasive unsafe driving behaviours, collectively contributes to the increase in road accidents, raising serious issues with public health and safety.…”

“…2019) along with the substantial regional disparities in the burden they pose, RTAs impose a substantial financial burden on the healthcare system. (Balakrishnan and Karuppanagounder 2020, Ram and Thakur 2022) This is attributable to the high cost of medical care, long-term care for the injured, and lost productivity. (Pal et al .…”