Estimating Safety Benefits for the IVI Generation 0 Field Operational Tests

A Review of Near-Collision Driver Behavior Models

“…Other uses of this type of model have been the assessment of the safety impact of in-vehicle information systems, with S being the first glance back toward the road after a lead vehicle has begun deceleration (Smith, Chang, Cohen, Foley, & Glassco, 2005), development of road geometry design guidelines, with S being the sudden appearance of an unexpected obstacle (Fambro, Fitzpatrick, & Koppa, 2000), and a study of accident causation mechanisms, with S representing the establishment of an initial collision course (Davis, 2007; Davis & Swenson, 2006). McMillan, Christiaen, and Stark (2001) also relied on this general account of collision avoidance behavior for estimating the collision probability inherent in a given empirically observed rear-end situation, but instead of defining S explicitly they varied brake initiation timing and deceleration magnitude around the empirically observed values.…”

“…What if this traffic situation would have looked slightly different? (Davis & Swenson, 2006; McMillan et al, 2001).…”

“…Although the simplicity of this type of model may rightfully raise questions of validity (e.g., regarding the inability of satisficing behavior), it may nevertheless serve as an example of how also very basic quantitative driver models can be put to some use in the study of traffic safety. In some of the research cited earlier, the resulting overall model dynamics was even tractable analytically, so that actual simulation was not needed (Davis, 2007; Fambro et al, 2000; Krishnan et al, 2001; McMillan et al, 2001).…”

Prevention of Tractor–Semitrailer Rollovers: Effectiveness of Electronic Stability Control Systems

“…A benefit equation is introduced that is used to estimate the reduction in the number of crashes attributable to the intervention of an active safety technology. Variants of this equation have been used in other studies to estimate safety benefits from deployment of intelligent vehicle safety systems, for example (8,9). The following procedure is a method to calculate B, the benefit derived from an active safety technology such as ESC, RSC, or a combination.…”