Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints

Warnick, G. Russell; Knopp, Robert H.; Fitzpatrick, Virginia; Branson, Linda F.

doi:10.1093/clinchem/36.1.15

Cited by 448 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…8 LDLc was calculated using the Friedewald formula (LDLc = total cholesterol minus [HDLc + triglycerides · 0.45]). 9 Samples were analysed for Hb A1C with the Tosoh A1C 2.2 Plus Analyzer (Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Height, weight (from which BMI can be calculated) and blood pressure were measured at similar home visits when the cohort members were 36 and 43 years of age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of children and coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women from a British birth cohort

Hardy

Lawlor

Black

et al. 2007

BJOG

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Objective To examine the association between number of children and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in women and men.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting Britain.Sample A total of 2977 individuals (51% women) from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a birth cohort study of individuals born in Britain in 1946 and followed up regularly throughout life.Main outcome measures Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), total, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and glycated haemoglobin (Hb A1C ) measured at age of 53 years.Results Number of children showed no consistent relationship with CHD risk factors at age 53 years in either men or women, and no obvious and consistent sex differences were observed. Mean BMI (95% CI) increased with increasing numbers of children (P = 0.01) in women from 27.4 kg/m 2 (26.6-28.2) in those with one child to 28.6 kg/m 2 (27.6-29.6) in those with four or more children. WHR and type II diabetes in women and Hb A1C in men were the only other risk factors exhibiting a linearly increasing trend with increasing number of children. These associations were largely explained by adjustment for behavioural and lifestyle variables.Conclusion Our findings suggest that any association between number of children and CHD risk factors is a result of lifestyle and behaviours associated with family life rather than being as result of the biological impact of pregnancy in women.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of children and coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women from a British birth cohort

Hardy

Lawlor

Black

et al. 2007

BJOG

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“…LDL-C was estimated using the Friedewald equation [(TC) -(HDL-C) -(TG/5)]. 16 HbA 1c levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using an automated analyzer. Values of HbA 1c (%) according to the Japanese Diabetes Society (JDS) were converted to a National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) equivalent value using the following formula: HbA 1c (NGSP) (%)=1.029HbA 1c (JDS) (%)+0.25%.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Serum Uric Acid Levels/Hyperuricemia and Hypertension Among 85,286 Japanese Workers

Yokokawa

Fukuda

Suzuki

et al. 2015

J of Clinical Hypertension

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examine the sex-specific association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels/hyperuricemia and hypertension among Japanese patients. SUA level, medical histories, and lifestyle-related items were collected from 85,286 of 136,770 participants. Among those with hyperuricemia, the median age was 46 years and 97% were men, which was significantly different than those without hyperurecemia (44 years and 56%, respectively; P<.01). Hyperuricemia was 1.79 times more likely in hypertensive men than normotensive men and almost six times more likely in hypertensive women (odds ratio=5.92 and adjusted odds ratio=1.33 for men and adjusted odds ratio=1.81 for women) after multivariate analysis. SUA quartiles positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both sexes. Hyperuricemia and SUA levels were significantly associated with hypertension in both sexes. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining normal SUA levels to manage and prevent hypertension. Better management of SUA as well as blood pressure may have potential in preventing future cardiovascular disorders. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2016;18:53-59. ª 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The overall global prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) in adults 25 years and older was around 40% in 2008.1 In Japan, 60% and 45% of Japanese men and women 30 years and older (roughly 43 million individuals), respectively, were estimated to have hypertension as of 2010.2 Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a major cause of premature death and disability.

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“…Plasma glucose was analyzed by an enzymatic photometric method (Konelab; Thermo Clinical Labsystems Oy, Vantaa, Finland) and serum insulin by the IMMULITE 1000 Analyser (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Bad Nauheim, Germany). Serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured by enzymatic photometric methods (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated by the Friedwald equation (22). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured by ELISA (DuoSet; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN).…”

Section: Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women With and Without Metabolic Disorder Differ in Their Gut Microbiota Composition

Munukka¹,

Wiklund²,

Pekkala³

et al. 2012

Obesity

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether overweight/obese women in metabolic disorder group (MDG, n = 27) differ in their gut microbiota composition from overweight/obese women in non‐metabolic disorder group (NMDG, n = 47) and normal weight women group (NWG, n = 11). Gut microbiota was profiled from fecal samples by 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry in 85 premenopausal women. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance, and dietary intakes were collected via food diaries. Standard procedures were used to assess plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipids, and inflammatory status. We found that the proportion of bacteria belonging to Eubacterium rectale‐Clostridium coccoides group, indicating efficient energy harvest from nutrients in gut, was higher in MDG compared to NMDG and NWG, while no difference was found between NMDG and NWG. The proportion of Eubacterium rectale‐Clostridium coccoides group correlated positively with weight, BMI, total fat, fat mass percentage (FM%), visceral fat area, and serum triglycerides, and negatively with high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). Our results indicate that certain members of Eubacterium rectale‐Clostridium coccoides group are associated with obesity‐related MDs not obesity per se.

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Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints

Cited by 448 publications

References 8 publications

Number of children and coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women from a British birth cohort

Number of children and coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women from a British birth cohort

Association Between Serum Uric Acid Levels/Hyperuricemia and Hypertension Among 85,286 Japanese Workers

Women With and Without Metabolic Disorder Differ in Their Gut Microbiota Composition

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