Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling

Wiedinmyer, Christine; Quayle, Brad; Geron, Chris; Belote, Angie; McKenzie, Don; Zhang, Xiaoyang; O’Neill, Susan; Wynne, Kristina Klos

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.010

Cited by 397 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

316

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The FINN and QFED biomass burning emissions can be found at http://bai.acom. ucar.edu/Data/fire/ (Wiedinmyer et al, 2006(Wiedinmyer et al, , 2011 and ftp://ftp. nccs.nasa.gov/aerosol/emissions/QFED/v2.4r8/0.1/ (Darmenov and da Silva, 2015), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The individual sectors are lumped together for each grid cell. We represent BB emissions using three different wildfire inventories, FINNv1.0 and v1.5, both at 1 km × 1 km resolution (Wiedinmyer et al, 2011(Wiedinmyer et al, , 2006, and QFEDv2.4r8 at 0.1 • × 0.1 • resolution (Darmenov and da Silva, 2015). FINNv1.5 is readily available through NCAR (http://bai.acom.ucar.edu/Data/ fire/) to WRF-Chem users, while FINNv1.0 is no longer supported.…”

Section: Prior Emission Inventoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

Guerrette

Henze

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Biomass burning emissions of atmospheric aerosols, including black carbon, are growing due to increased global drought, and comprise a large source of uncertainty in regional climate and air quality studies. We develop and apply new incremental four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) capabilities in WRFDA-Chem to find optimal spatially and temporally distributed biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic black carbon (BC) aerosol emissions. The constraints are provided by aircraft BC concentrations from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites in collaboration with the California Air Resources Board (ARCTAS-CARB) field campaign and surface BC concentrations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) network on 22, 23, and 24 June 2008. We consider three BB inventories, including Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) v1.0 and v1.5 and Quick Fire Emissions Database (QFED) v2.4r8. On 22 June, aircraft observations are able to reduce the spread between a customized QFED inventory and FINNv1.0 from a factor of 3.5 (×3.5) to only ×2.1. On 23 and 24 June, the spread is reduced from ×3.4 to ×1.4. The posterior corrections to emissions are heterogeneous in time and space, and exhibit similar spatial patterns of sign for both inventories. The posterior diurnal BB patterns indicate that multiple daily emission peaks might be warranted in specific regions of California. The US EPA's 2005 National Emissions Inventory (NEI05) is used as the anthropogenic prior. On 23 and 24 June, the coastal California posterior is reduced by ×2, where highway sources dominate, while inland sources are increased near Barstow by ×5. Relative BB emission variances are reduced from the prior by up to 35 % in grid cells close to aircraft flight paths and by up to 60 % for fires near surface measurements. Anthropogenic variance reduction is as high as 40 % and is similarly limited to sources close to observations. We find that the 22 June aircraft observations are able to constrain approximately 14 degrees of freedom of signal (DOF), while surface and aircraft observations together on 23/24 June constrain 23 DOF. Improving hourly-to daily-scale concentration predictions of BC and other aerosols during BB events will require more comprehensive and/or targeted measurements and a more complete accounting of sources of error besides the emissions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prior Emission Inventoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

Guerrette

Henze

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the present study, emission factors were also assigned for each land cover classification in the AVHRR GLC-2000 data. These emission factors for each emitted species, which are given in Table 2, were based on previously published studies [7,42]. The average of relevant emission factors for each gaseous or particulate species was applied when more than one emission factor was available in the literature.…”

Section: Determination Of Emission Factors (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emission factors are based on the correlation between the concentration of a certain gas species and the concentration of the reference species emitted and are estimated from experiments for specific conditions [26]. Emission factors for various ecosystems and environmental conditions have been derived either in natural conditions or in controlled laboratory experiments [7,41,42] where the rest of the variables were known (i.e., the amount of the compound released, the amount of fuel burned and the concentration of the element in the fuel) [26]. In the present study, emission factors were also assigned for each land cover classification in the AVHRR GLC-2000 data.…”

Section: Determination Of Emission Factors (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these particular matters and trace gases can have significant effects, not only on human health but also affect the climate, with potential feedback on air quality. As gaseous and aerosol emissions from fires are transported through the atmosphere, they degrade air quality by reducing visibility, creating unhealthy levels of PM, and reacting to create harmful tropospheric trace gases, such as ozone (O 3 ) [7]. Some species have significant and far-reaching consequences due to their long lifetime (e.g., N 2 O:~150 years, mountainous region that ranges from 450 m to 1500 m in elevation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimates of Wildfire Emissions in Boreal Forests of China

Bao

2016

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wildfire emissions in the boreal forests yield an important contribution to the chemical budget of the troposphere. To assess the contribution of wildfire to the emissions of atmospheric trace species in the Great Xing'an Mountains (GXM), which is also the most severe fire-prone boreal forest region in China, we estimated various wildfire activities by combining explicit spatio-temporal remote sensing data with fire-induced emission models. We observed 9998 fire scars with 46,096 km 2 in the GXM between the years 1986 and 2010. The years 1987 and 2003 contributed 33.2% and 22.9%, respectively, in burned area during the 25 years. Fire activity is the strongest in May. Most large fires occurred in the north region of the GXM between 50˝N and 54˝N latitude due to much drier weather and higher fire danger in the northern region than in the southern region of the study domain. Evergreen and deciduous needleleaf forest and deciduous broadleaf forest are the main sources of emissions, accounting for 84%, 81%, 84%, 87%, 89%, 86%, 85% and 74% of the total annual CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , BC and NO x emissions, respectively. Wildfire emissions from shrub, grassland and cropland only account for a small fraction of the total emissions level (approximately 4%-11%). Comparisons of our results with other published estimates of wildfire emissions show reasonable agreement.

show abstract

Atmospheric Chemistry

Stockwell

2017

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Earth's atmosphere is composed of several layers each one has its distinct chemistry. Major environmental problems involving atmospheric chemistry include air pollution, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, and climate change.The article describes the atmosphere layers, related atmospheric chemistry reactions, and the role of photochemistry as their driver. Air quality models that provide a powerful framework for understanding the dynamics of pollutants in the atmosphere and for assessing the impact emission sources have on pollutant concentrations are discussed.

show abstract

Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling

Cited by 397 publications

References 29 publications

Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

Estimates of Wildfire Emissions in Boreal Forests of China

Atmospheric Chemistry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About