Estimates on the Availability of Amino Acids in Soybean Oil Meal as Determined by Chick Growth Assay: Methodology as Applied to Lysine

Netke, S. P.; Scott, H. M.

doi:10.1093/jn/100.3.281

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Also, adopting lysine intake, rather than dietary lysine concentration, as the independent variable provides a wide spread of points along the X axis of the regression, even though a small number of dietary treatments was used. This response relation, amino acid intake : weight gain, has been used, for instance, by Netke and Scott (1969) with poultry, and by Leibholz and Kirby (1985) with pigs. Using live-weight gain as the response criteria is not ideal because of variability between pigs in gut contents (Batterham, Darnell, Herbert and Major, 1986), and because of the inability to distinguish between gain associated with protein and fat deposition.…”

Section: Growth Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

Green¹,

Kiener²

1989

Anim. Prod.

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In order to determine the relative digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in foodstuffs for pigs and poultry, and the effects of manufacturing methods, equal quantities of soya-bean meal, sunflower meals [hulled (sunflower meal 1) and dehulled (sunflower meal 2)], meat meals [made with (meat meal 1), and without (meat meal 2), blood added at 250 g/kg meat tissue (wet weights)] and rapeseed meals [seeds heated at 80°C (rapeseed meal 1) or 100°C (rapeseed meal 2)] were mixed with protein-free ingredients. The diets were given to five growing pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses, and, by crop-intubation, to 12 caecectomized and 12 intact cocks. Excreta were collected over 48-h periods. Endogenous excretion was estimated by giving protein-free diets.In the order, soya-bean meal, sunflower meals 1, and 2, meat meals 1, and 2, rapeseed meals 1, and 2, true digestibilities were: with pigs, of nitrogen, 0·81, 0·80, 0·79, 0·64, 0·79, 0·73, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·030), of lysine, 0·84, 0·83, 0·84, 0·65, 0·84, 0·76, 0·72 (s.e.d. 0·032); with caecectomized birds, of nitrogen, 0·92, 0·91, 0·91, 0·66, 0·78, 0·74, 0·75 (s.e.d. 0·018), of lysine 0·92, 0·91, 0·93, 0·62, 0·79, 0·70, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·020); with intact birds, values were similar to those with caecectomized birds for soya-bean, and the sunflower meals, but lesser for meat meals 1 and 2; the solubilities of nitrogen in pepsin were 0·96, 0·92, 0·93, 0·80, 0·89, 0·87, 0·87.Two hundred and eighty pigs (initial live weights 10 kg) were used to compare growth response to free lysine with that to lysine in soya-bean meal and sunflower meal 2. Lysine availabilities, assessed by analyses of regressions of live-weight gain against lysine intake were 0·82 (s.e. 0·12) for soya-bean meal, and 0·82 (s.e. 0·18) for sunflower meal 2.Amino acid digestibilities of the sunflower meals were similar to those of soya-bean meal, and were not influenced by dehulling; values for the rapeseed meals were lower, and unaffected by differences in heating severity; values for the meat meal were reduced by blood addition. Values differed between pigs and poultry, but there was consistency in the extent to which each species discriminated between some foodstuffs. The pepsin test was insensitive. The large standard errors associated with availability values prevented meaningful comparisons with digestibility values.

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Section: Growth Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

Green¹,

Kiener²

1989

Anim. Prod.

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“…Reported lysine availability values have ranged from 76 to 110% (Robel and Frobish, 1977;Netke and Scott, 1970;Hill et al, 1966;Kelly and Scott, 1966;Combs etal, 1965;Ousterhout et al, 1959;Gupta et al, 1958). Baker (1978) attributes the differences to protein level, amino acid balance, delayed release of amino acids from intact protein as opposed to ready availability of crystalline amino acids, caloric density of the diet, area of the growth curve used, and assay methodology used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Color, Trypsin Inhibitor Contents, and Urease Index of Soybean Meal and Effects on Broiler Performance

1981

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Three experiments were conducted to determine the relationships between trypsin inhibitor contents, urease index, and color of soybean meal, and the effect on broiler performance. Either 0, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16% moisture (Experiment 1) or 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% moisture (Experiment 2) was added after dehydrating raw, flaked, solvent-extracted soybeans to 2% moisture. Each sample was then sealed in .473-liter jars, autoclaved for 0 to 135 min, with 15-min intervals, and dried at 37 C in a vacuum oven to remove all remaining moisture. In Experiment 3 commercial soybean meal with 12.12 /ig trypsin inhibited/mg protein (Mg/mg) was autoclaved for 0 to 25 min with 5-min intervals to determine the effect of additional heat on broiler performance and SBM color.Commercial soybean meal with 12.12 Mg/mg trypsin inhibitor, tristimulus +a color value of 3.21, and a urease index of .19 A pH supported poorer growth and feed efficiency in broilers than the same soybean meal heated an additional 10 min and, thus, 1.77 Mg/mg trypsin inhibitor, a + a color value of +4.76, and urease index of .02 A pH. Results indicated that color is a good predictor of trypsin inhibitor content and broiler performance. Additional heating resulted in higher +a color values and poorer broiler performance, indicating that color may also be used to determine overprocessing.Particle size of the soybean meal influenced the color. The soybean meal ground to pass a 20 mesh screen supported the best broiler performance when tristimulus color values ranged from +4.5-5.5 ±a color values or 58-65 L color values. These results confirm that color is a quick and reliable method of determining soybean meal quality. (

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“…A comparison was made between two methods of estimating bioavailable lysine: in one, poult body weight gain is regressed on percentage added lysine, in the other, gain is regressed on lysine consumption partitioned by dietary source. The latter model has been described by Netke and Scott (1970), Cave and Williams (1980), and Parsons et al (1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Available Lysine Content of Blood Meals Determined by Turkey Bioassay and Fluorodinitrobenzene Assay

Noll

Waibel

1984

Poultry Science

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Lysine availability in blood meal as affected by processing method was studied using 53 samples representing 10 manufacturing processes. Each sample was analyzed for total lysine and chemically available lysine using the fluorodinitrobenzene technique (FDNB-Iysine). Bioavailable lysine was determined by turkey poult growth assay. The bioavailability was calculated using the slope ratio method where gain was regressed on dietary lysine content (Method A) or on lysine consumption (Method B). Vat-dried blood meal, representing harsh processing conditions, contained significantly less total lysine, FDNB-Iysine, and bioavailable lysine when compared to spray, DeLaval-Anderson, ring, and flash-dried blood meal. Content of FDNB-Iysine was more correlated with bioavailable lysine than was total lysine. Available lysine as measured by the FDNB-Iysine technique overestimated bioavailable lysine in vat-dried samples. Bioavailable lysine contents as estimated by Method B were greater and more variable than those determined by Method A. (

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Estimates on the Availability of Amino Acids in Soybean Oil Meal as Determined by Chick Growth Assay: Methodology as Applied to Lysine

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

Relationships Between Color, Trypsin Inhibitor Contents, and Urease Index of Soybean Meal and Effects on Broiler Performance

Available Lysine Content of Blood Meals Determined by Turkey Bioassay and Fluorodinitrobenzene Assay

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