Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

Abstract

In order to determine the relative digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in foodstuffs for pigs and poultry, and the effects of manufacturing methods, equal quantities of soya-bean meal, sunflower meals [hulled (sunflower meal 1) and dehulled (sunflower meal 2)], meat meals [made with (meat meal 1), and without (meat meal 2), blood added at 250 g/kg meat tissue (wet weights)] and rapeseed meals [seeds heated at 80°C (rapeseed meal 1) or 100°C (rapeseed meal 2)] were mixed with protein-free ingredients. The diets were given to five growing pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses, and, by crop-intubation, to 12 caecectomized and 12 intact cocks. Excreta were collected over 48-h periods. Endogenous excretion was estimated by giving protein-free diets.In the order, soya-bean meal, sunflower meals 1, and 2, meat meals 1, and 2, rapeseed meals 1, and 2, true digestibilities were: with pigs, of nitrogen, 0·81, 0·80, 0·79, 0·64, 0·79, 0·73, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·030), of lysine, 0·84, 0·83, 0·84, 0·65, 0·84, 0·76, 0·72 (s.e.d. 0·032); with caecectomized birds, of nitrogen, 0·92, 0·91, 0·91, 0·66, 0·78, 0·74, 0·75 (s.e.d. 0·018), of lysine 0·92, 0·91, 0·93, 0·62, 0·79, 0·70, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·020); with intact birds, values were similar to those with caecectomized birds for soya-bean, and the sunflower meals, but lesser for meat meals 1 and 2; the solubilities of nitrogen in pepsin were 0·96, 0·92, 0·93, 0·80, 0·89, 0·87, 0·87.Two hundred and eighty pigs (initial live weights 10 kg) were used to compare growth response to free lysine with that to lysine in soya-bean meal and sunflower meal 2. Lysine availabilities, assessed by analyses of regressions of live-weight gain against lysine intake were 0·82 (s.e. 0·12) for soya-bean meal, and 0·82 (s.e. 0·18) for sunflower meal 2.Amino acid digestibilities of the sunflower meals were similar to those of soya-bean meal, and were not influenced by dehulling; values for the rapeseed meals were lower, and unaffected by differences in heating severity; values for the meat meal were reduced by blood addition. Values differed between pigs and poultry, but there was consistency in the extent to which each species discriminated between some foodstuffs. The pepsin test was insensitive. The large standard errors associated with availability values prevented meaningful comparisons with digestibility values.

Ileal amino acid digestibility and estimates of endogenous amino acid losses in pigs fed rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and soybean meal

“…Lower TD values for RSM than for SBM were in agreement with the results of many authors (Sauer et al 1982;Green and Kiener 1989;de Lange et al 1990;Lechevestrier 1996;National Research Council 1998). However, the extent of the difference between the two types of oilseed meal was, in some instances, lower than in the current study (Sauer et al 1982;Green and Kiener 1989).…”

“…However, the extent of the difference between the two types of oilseed meal was, in some instances, lower than in the current study (Sauer et al 1982;Green and Kiener 1989). Green and Kiener (1989) and Mariscal-Landin (1992) reported differences in TD values between RSM and SFM of similar magnitude to those in the current study. In agreement with the current results, Knabe et al (1989) and Hennig et al (1993) found N and AA in SFM overall less digestible than in SBM.…”

Availability and Utilization of Amino Acids for Growing Pigs

“…Thus it is probable that the higher availability estimates reported by Leibholz (1 986) were due to problems in methodology and the use of inappropriate criteria of response. Green & Kiener (1989) reported similar values for true digestibilities and availabilities of lysine in soya-bean (0.84, 0.82) and sunflower (0.84, 082) meals but concluded that as a result of the large standard errors associated with the availability estimates (0.12 and 0.1 8 for soyabean and sunflower meals respectively) no meaningful comparisons could be made.…”

Digestible Amino Acids: Significance and Prospects in Poultry

“…found no effect of cecectomy on AA digestibility in grains but observed little variation for oilseed meals. Green and Kiener (1989) documented similar true AA digestibility of soybean meal and sunflower meal in intact and cecectomized roosters. However, considerable decline in AA digestibility of the meat and bone meal and the feather meal was observed in cecectomized birds than intact birds (Green and Kiener, 1989;Parsons, et al, 1997).…”

“…Green and Kiener (1989) documented similar true AA digestibility of soybean meal and sunflower meal in intact and cecectomized roosters. However, considerable decline in AA digestibility of the meat and bone meal and the feather meal was observed in cecectomized birds than intact birds (Green and Kiener, 1989;Parsons, et al, 1997). In recent years, with increasing animal welfare concerns, approval of surgical procedures for cecectomy is becoming difficult by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees.…”