Estimates of child deaths prevented from malaria prevention scale-up in Africa 2001-2010

Eisele, Thomas P.; Larsen, David A.; Walker, Neff; Cibulskis, Richard; Yukich, Joshua; Zikusooka, Charlotte Muheki; Steketee, Richard W.

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-93

Cited by 135 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Two forms of vector control, indoor residual spraying (IRS) and the distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been demonstrated to reduce transmission when properly deployed against insecticide susceptible mosquito populations. The use of both interventions has dramatically increased since 2000 in many malaria endemic countries, with increased donor funding to attain the Roll Back Malaria targets and support the malaria elimination agenda (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Wondji

Coleman

Kleinschmidt

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The impact of insecticide resistance on insect-borne disease programs is difficult to quantify. The possibility of eliminating malaria in high-transmission settings is heavily dependent on effective vector control reducing disease transmission rates. Pyrethroids are the dominant insecticides used for malaria control, with few options for their replacement. Their failure will adversely affect our ability to control malaria. Pyrethroid resistance has been selected in Malawi over the last 3 y in the two major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus , with a higher frequency of resistance in the latter. The resistance in An. funestus is metabolically based and involves the up-regulation of two duplicated P450s. The same genes confer resistance in Mozambican An. funestus , although the levels of up-regulation differ. The selection of resistance over 3 y has not increased malaria transmission, as judged by annual point prevalence surveys in 1- to 4-y-old children. This is true in areas with long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) alone or LLINs plus pyrethroid-based insecticide residual spraying (IRS). However, in districts where IRS was scaled up, it did not produce the expected decrease in malaria prevalence. As resistance increases in frequency from this low initial level, there is the potential for vector population numbers to increase with a concomitant negative impact on control efficacy. This should be monitored carefully as part of the operational activities in country.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Wondji

Coleman

Kleinschmidt

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, it is noteworthy that malaria-specific child mortality reduction was a key contributor to overall child mortality reduction in sub-Saharan Africa, while pneumonia was a key contributor in other regions among the Countdown countries during the MDG campaign. The efforts of the global community to combat malaria [35] can be given credit for this significant contribution. In contrast to the study of Wang and colleagues [13], which highlighted a rapid decrease in child mortality subsequent to the scale-up of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission, AIDS was not the largest contributor to child mortality reduction in the sub-Saharan African region, either at the country level (with some exceptions) or at the regional level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cause-specific child mortality performance and contributions to all-cause child mortality, and number of child lives saved during the Millennium Development Goals era: a country-level analysis

Jin

Mankadi

Rigotti

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: During the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) era, impressive reductions in the under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) have been observed, although the MDG 4 target was not met. So far, cause-specific progress in child mortality has been analyzed and discussed mainly at the global and regional levels. Objectives: We aimed to explore annual changes in cause-specific mortality at the country level, assess which causes contributed the most to child mortality reduction in 2000–2015, and estimate how many child lives were saved. Methods: We used the cause-specific child mortality estimates published by Liu and colleagues. We derived average annual changes in cause-specific child mortality rates and cause-specific contribution to overall child mortality in 2000–2015. We estimated the number of cause-specific child deaths averted during the MDG era, assuming that cause-specific child mortality remained the same as in 2000. We targeted the 75 Countdown countries where 95% of maternal and child deaths occurred during the MDG era. Results: Wide disparities existed across causes within countries, both in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality reduction, except for a few countries such as China, Rwanda, and Cambodia. In 20 of the 45 sub-Saharan African countries, malaria was the main contributor to post-neonatal mortality reduction, and pneumonia was the main contributor in only six countries. A single disease often contributed to a substantial proportion of the child mortality reduction, particularly in west and central African countries. Diarrhea-specific post-neonatal child mortality reduction accounted for 7.1 million averted child deaths (24.5%), while pneumonia accounted for another 6.7 million averted child deaths (23%). Conclusions: This study demonstrates country-specific characteristics with regards to cause-wise child mortality that could not be identified by global or regional analyses. These findings provide the global community with evidence for formulating national policies and strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in child mortality reduction.

show abstract

“…Despite remarkable success in reducing malaria burdens between 2000 and 2010 through the use of treated bednets (12)(13)(14), the epidemiology of malaria in these settings has also become more complex (50,(58)(59)(60), which is likely reflective of transient dynamics of immunity (61). Notably, in many of the Sub-Saharan African countries, trajectories of adult and child mortality have been following seemingly unrelated trends over the past decade, with increasing ratios of adult to child morbidity, as illustrated in SI Appendix, section VI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past decade, insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets have proven to be highly effective in reducing rates of malaria mortality in young children (12)(13)(14); differences between these are discussed in Methods. [Note that we use ITN to represent both insecticidetreated bednets and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs)].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between bednets and vaccines in the control of malaria

Artzy‐Randrup

Dobson

Pascual

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is extremely likely that the malaria vaccines currently in development will be used in conjunction with treated bednets and other forms of malaria control. The interaction of different intervention methods is at present poorly understood in a disease such as malaria where immunity is more complex than for other pathogens that have been successfully controlled by vaccination. Here we develop a general mathematical model of malaria transmission to examine the interaction between vaccination and bednets. Counterintuitively, we find that the frailty of malaria immunity will potentially cause both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between vaccination and the use of bednets. We explore the conditions that create these tensions, and outline strategies that minimize their detrimental impact. Our analysis specifically considers the three leading vaccine classes currently in development: preerythrocytic (PEV), blood stage (BSV), and transmission blocking (TBV). We find that the combination of BSV with treated bednets can lead to increased morbidity with no added value in terms of elimination; the interaction is clearly antagonistic. In contrast, there is strong synergy between PEV and treated bednets that may facilitate elimination, although transient stages are likely to increase morbidity. The combination of TBV with treated bednets is synergistic, lowering both morbidity and elimination thresholds. Our results suggest that vaccines will not provide a straightforward solution to malaria control, and that future programs need to consider the synergistic and antagonistic interactions between vaccines and treated bednets.

show abstract

Estimates of child deaths prevented from malaria prevention scale-up in Africa 2001-2010

Cited by 135 publications

References 46 publications

Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Cause-specific child mortality performance and contributions to all-cause child mortality, and number of child lives saved during the Millennium Development Goals era: a country-level analysis

Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between bednets and vaccines in the control of malaria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About