Estimated SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthy Children and Those with Chronic Illnesses in The Washington Metropolitan Area as of October 2020

Bahar, Burhanuddin; Simpson, Joelle; Biddle, Cara; Campbell, Andrew; Dome, Jeffrey S.; DeBiasi, Roberta L.; Mowbray, Catriona; Marguilies, Stefanie; Sherman, Adrienne; Reuben, Jacqueline; Delaney, Meghan

doi:10.1101/2021.01.30.21250830

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[9][10][11] Several U.S. studies examined antibody prevalence in residual blood samples of children during the late spring and early fall of 2020, with seroprevalence rates of 9•5 -16•3%. 12,13 Recently, a cross sectional investigation of SARS in Virginia reported 8•5% seropositivity in a study of 1,038 children; seroprevalence was highest (13•7%) in children in the 0-5 year age group. 14 Our data are consistent with the observation that rates of seropositivity are higher in LMIC settings and underscore the widespread distribution of infection in very young children in these areas, with no risk factors identified other than occurrence in the midst of an epidemic wave.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 infections in infants in Haiti 2020-2021; evidence from a serological cohort

Louis

Logan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 infections in infants in Haiti 2020-2021; evidence from a serological cohort

Louis

Logan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The majority of studies involving pediatric patients concern retrospective studies or have assessed the prevalence of infection on registry or survey data (5). These reports have suggested a relatively benign disease course of SARS-CoV-2 infection despite the presence of additional risk factors such as primary or secondary immunodeficiency in children (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, these cohorts of patients were assessed mostly in the very early stages of the pandemic, which explains the low seroprevalence noted (7), or these studies were relatively small in terms of sample size and recruited patients with single underlying diseases (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these cohorts of patients were assessed mostly in the very early stages of the pandemic, which explains the low seroprevalence noted (7), or these studies were relatively small in terms of sample size and recruited patients with single underlying diseases (10)(11)(12). In addition, most studies had cross-sectional designs and did not evaluate antibody response over time (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Pediatric seroprevalence studies, specifically those with a prospective or longitudinal design, remained limited to date, mainly because of the lack of access to patient data and blood samples (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in children with chronic diseases with healthy children and adults during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2023

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BackgroundInfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is clinically diverse, and children have a low risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, children with chronic diseases have a potentially increased risk.MethodsWe performed a prospective surveillance study with longitudinal serum SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibody quantification and questionnaires in pediatric tertiary care patients during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (November 2020–September 2021). The results were compared with those of healthy children and adults from the same geographic area.ResultsWe obtained 525 samples from 362 patients (M/F ratio of 1.3:1; median age of 11.1 years) comprising children with immune-suppressive or immune-modulating drugs (32.9%), inborn errors of immunity (23.5%), type 1 diabetes mellitus (15.2%), and rheumatic diseases (11.9%). A total of 51 (9.7%) samples were seropositive among 37/351 children (10.5%). Seropositivity increased from 5.8% in November–December 2020 to 21.6% in July–September 2021. Compared with adults, a longitudinal analysis revealed reduced seroprevalence but similar kinetics as in children from the same country. Demographic or social variables and disease characteristics did not correlate with seropositivity. Being obese and household contact with COVID-19-infected individuals significantly increased the odds of infection. The majority of seropositive patients had mild symptoms (21/37). One-third were asymptomatic and/or unaware of having COVID-19 (10/37). Four patients (4/37) needed hospitalization, with good clinical outcomes.ConclusionsAlthough harboring a chronic disease, we observed a low SARS-CoV-2 incidence in a cohort of pediatric tertiary care patients, comparable with healthy children during the first year of the pandemic. Infection was mostly associated with mild symptoms.

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Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in pediatric hematology‐oncology patients

Phan,

Richards,

Kang

et al. 2024

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic disproportionately affected persons with underlying medical conditions. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection susceptibility and vaccine effectiveness in pediatric hematology‐oncology patients were unknown.MethodsFrom February to July 2022, anti‐spike and anti‐nucleocapsid Ig were assayed in 354 pediatric hematology‐oncology subjects, including 53 oncology patients receiving chemotherapy (cancer), 150 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), and 151 benign consult and long‐term follow‐up patients (controls). Participants completed a questionnaire.ResultsFrequencies of COVID‐19 infection, defined by positive PCR/antigen test or anti‐nucleocapsid Ig, were 62% in cancer, 71% in SCD, 52% in controls, with SCD statistically different than controls (p = .001). Infection was associated with COVID‐19 exposure, Hispanic/Latino or Black/African American ethnicity, multi‐family dwelling, sports participation; COVID‐19 booster decreased association with infection. In COVID‐19‐positive cancer patients, 58% had positive anti‐nucleocapsid and 76% had positive anti‐spike (≥10 U/mL), compared to essentially 100% seroconversion in SCD and controls (p < .0001, p = .01, respectively). Infection led to high anti‐spike (≥2500 U/mL) in 12% cancer, 14% SCD, and 15% controls (p = .93). Vaccination resulted in anti‐spike positivity in 90% cancer, 100% SCD, and 100% controls (p = .06), and in high anti‐spike in 20% cancer, 47% SCD, and 41% controls (p = .36). Of boosted subjects, one of two cancer, 6/6 SCD, and 19/19 controls exhibited high anti‐spike.ConclusionsCancer patients demonstrated similar SARS‐CoV‐2 infection frequency as controls, but diminished antibody response to infection and vaccination. SCD patients exhibited seroconversion indistinguishable from controls. Vaccination was associated with higher frequency of high anti‐spike than infection; vaccination plus booster was most effective in eliciting high anti‐spike antibody detectable beyond 90 days.

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Estimated SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthy Children and Those with Chronic Illnesses in The Washington Metropolitan Area as of October 2020

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

SARS-CoV-2 infections in infants in Haiti 2020-2021; evidence from a serological cohort

SARS-CoV-2 infections in infants in Haiti 2020-2021; evidence from a serological cohort

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in children with chronic diseases with healthy children and adults during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic

Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in pediatric hematology‐oncology patients

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