Estimated Costs of Prescription Opioid Analgesic Abuse in the United States in 2001

Birnbaum, Howard G.; White, Alan G.; Reynolds, Jennifer L.; Greenberg, Paul E.; Zhang, Mingliang; Vallow, S.; Schein, Jeff; Katz, Nathaniel

doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000210915.80417.cf

Cited by 132 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…Addiction is a multidimensional disease and most common in individuals who are biologically (male and younger adults) and psychosocially (stress and mental illness) vulnerable 8,[12][13][14][15] . Prescription opioid analgesic abuse represents a growing and substantial economic burden and was estimated to be $8.6 billion in the United States in 2001 16 . A recent report found a correlation between sales of prescription opioids and opioid-related drug overdoses treated in emergency departments 17 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Continued Opioid Use One to Two Months After Surgery for Musculoskeletal Trauma

Helmerhorst

Vranceanu

Vrahas

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

227

175

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confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Continued Opioid Use One to Two Months After Surgery for Musculoskeletal Trauma

Helmerhorst

Vranceanu

Vrahas

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

227

175

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“…14,20,33,82 The significance of the problem has been demonstrated by results from national epidemiological surveys 44,74,76,77 and studies that have addressed demographics, risk factors, and estimated costs associated with the nonmedical use of prescription opioids. 8,21,30,65,69,78 Also available in the extant literature are commentaries, review articles, and conceptual papers on nonmedical use of prescription opioids. 18,35,45,46,64 Articles such as these will give the reader a snapshot of what we have learned and will bring to light some pressing issues that remain to be explored for us to better grasp the problem.…”

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Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids: Motive and Ubiquity Issues

Zacny

Lichtor

2008

The Journal of Pain

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Two issues relating to prescription opioid nonmedical use that to our knowledge have not been comprehensively addressed in the peer-reviewed literature are discussed: Motives for nonmedical use and the extent of nonmedical use of prescription opioids in other countries. The United States' national annual survey on illicit drug use in the general population (National Survey on Drug Use and Health) asks respondents whether they have used prescription opioids for nonmedical purposes but does not assess motives for such use. By not assessing motives, nonmedical users who use only for pain relief and nonmedical users who have other motives for use are grouped together, but 2 recent epidemiological studies suggest that these 2 groups may differ in a propensity to have substance use-related problems. We suggest that the survey add a question that assesses motives for nonmedical use. Regarding whether countries besides the United States have problems associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids, after searching for epidemiological surveys and other materials potentially relevant to this issue, we were unable to determine the extent of nonmedical use of prescription opioids in other countries or draw cross-national comparisons. We suggest that more countries include specific questions about nonmedical use of prescription opioids in their national epidemiological surveys.Perspective-We believe that critical information surrounding the nonmedical use of prescription opioids is not being gathered. Such information would allow for a better understanding of the problem. We invite discussion and commentaries regarding the issues we raise to more effectively address this public health issue. KeywordsPrescription; opioid; nonmedical use; abuse; epidemiology; pain; international This article will address 2 issues related to nonmedical use of prescription opioids. There are 3 drug use psurveys in the United States that assess non-medical use of these drugs, with differing definitions. 34,44,76 For reasons that will be described below, we will use the definition from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 76 which is, using a prescription pain reliever "even once, that was not prescribed for you, or that you took only for the experience or feeling it caused." We will use the term "nonmedical use" throughout the article; there are several other terms used in describing problematic use of prescription opioids, including the terms "extramedical use," "misuse," and "abuse." These terms mean different things to different people, and using them interchangeably is inappropriate and confusing.Address reprint requests to Dr. James P. Zacny, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, MC4028, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail: jzacny@dacc.uchicago.edu. Points of view and opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the official position of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. 18,35,45,46,64 Articles such as these will give the reader a snapshot of wh...

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“…Research on these correlates and consequences of OAUD has also underscored the high costs of therapeutic interventions (Banta-Green et al, 2010;Birnbaum et al, 2006;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012;Gilson & Kreis, 2009;Haller & Acosta, 2010;Manchikanti, 2007;Paulozzi, 2006;Paulozzi, Budnitz, & Xi, 2006;Paulozzi & Ryan, 2006;Ruetsch, 2010;Strassels, 2009). Thus OAUD is a particularly burdensome problem that affects multiple life spheres, from the individual to society.…”

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confidence: 99%

Opioid Analgesic Use Disorders Among Adolescents in the United States

Prince

2014

Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse

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Estimated Costs of Prescription Opioid Analgesic Abuse in the United States in 2001

Abstract: The costs of RxO abuse represent a substantial economic burden. Rising trends of RxO abuse suggest an escalating economic and public health burden in coming years in the United States, and potentially, elsewhere.

Cited by 132 publications

References 15 publications

Risk Factors for Continued Opioid Use One to Two Months After Surgery for Musculoskeletal Trauma

Risk Factors for Continued Opioid Use One to Two Months After Surgery for Musculoskeletal Trauma

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids: Motive and Ubiquity Issues

Opioid Analgesic Use Disorders Among Adolescents in the United States

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