Esthetic Management of Developmental Enamel Opacities in Young Permanent Maxillary Incisors with Two Microabrasion Techniques—A Split Mouth Study

Abstract

Developmental enamel defects like diffuse opacities due to high-fluoride content in water and demarcated opacities associated with positive dental history and are commonly seen in young permanent maxillary incisors of both boys and girls in their developing years. They are aware of unesthetic appearance of these newly erupted permanent anterior teeth and become highly motivated when informed about minimally invasive, patient friendly, cost-effective, and safe treatment like microabrasion for esthetic improvement. Both noninvasive microabrasion techniques using 37% phosphoric acid (group 1) and 18% hydrochloric acid (group 2) show comparatively high success results in treating enamel defects successfully to the subject's satisfaction along with their parents.

Efeito da apresentação comercial de ácido clorídrico para técnica de microabrasão na perda de estrutura e superfície do esmalte

“…Alguns estudos preconizaram a execução de dez aplicações com duração de 10s cada 13,19 . Já outros sugeriram que a sessão deveria ser realizada com cinco aplicações sem o estabelecimento de tempo mínimo ou máximo 33,34 . O presente estudo fez a opção por dez aplicações com 10s de duração como limite máximo, por ser o mais corriqueiro na literatura 16,19 .…”

Risk Factors Associated with Black Tooth Stain

“…Intrinsic stains are related to enamel and dentin properties, whereas extrinsic stains are associated to deposition of either food or beverage stains on the tooth surface, poor tooth brushing techniques, smoking, dietary intake of tannin-rich foods, excess use of chlorhexidine mouth wash, and/or consumption of metal salts 15,16 . Also, isolated yellow, brown, black or white areas on an enamel surface are common [17][18][19] . Organic chromogens are taken up by the pellicle and the color imparted is determined by the natural color of the chromogen and the color seen on the tooth is considered to be derived mostly from polyphenolic compounds 15,16 .…”

Response to the Letter to the Editor by Drs Marina de Deus Moura de Lima, Renara Natália Cerqueira Silva and Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus Moura. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry (2019), 20: 63–63

“…There are, however, few recent studies showing reasonable results without side effects following either careful microabrasion alone (Sheoran et al 2014) or together with infiltration (Hasmun et al 2018) in elder children. In addition, further improvement may be achieved by the so-called 'abrasion effect' appearing later, as the ongoing hydration by saliva and the archived enamel alteration reflecting light differently, may camouflage the remaining subsurface enamel defect (Donly et al 1992).…”