Esterification of vertebrate like steroids in molluscs: A target of endocrine disruptors?

Sex-related differences in steroid concentrations in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea

“…For example, in crustaceans and insects, hormones are known to regulate molting, differentiation, and metamorphosis as well as reproductive processes including ovulation and spermatogenesis (Lafont and Mathieu, 2007). Knowledge on endocrinology of another phylum, Mollusca, has significantly increased over the last decade, primarily due to their importance in many aquatic ecosystems worldwide and their use in aquaculture (Giusti and Joaquim-Justo, 2013). According to the available literature, most of vertebrate sex steroids, and especially testosterone, 17β-estradiol, and progesterone are considered to be present in mollusks including cephalopods, gastropods, and bivalves Lafont and Mathieu, 2007).…”

In Vivo Administration of Scallop GnRH-Like Peptide Influences on Gonad Development in the Yesso Scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis

“…Nevertheless, vertebrate sex steroids showed certain effect on the mollusk physiology including reproductive function [ 40 ]. Due to these observations, the possible presence of vertebrate-like steroidogenesis in mollusk is still proposed to date [ 41 , 42 ]. Altogether, it comes down to the mystery whether mollusks can transform the vertebrate steroids in good yield, and this can be analyzed by mass spectrometry suggested by Scott [ 37 ].…”

Porous silver coating fiber for rapidly screening organotin compounds by solid phase microextraction coupled with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

“…4,5 OTCs have been listed as endocrine disruptors, immunotoxicants, and potent environmental obesogens for mammals. 6 OTCs are commercial antifungal agents, PVC stabilizers and catalysts for the manufacture of consumer products, e.g., textiles, clothing, female hygiene products, childcare articles and toys. [7][8][9] The intake of OTCs by a baby may, via skin contact with a diaper or chewing of so toys and clothing, induce possible impairment of the central nervous system, immune system and reproductive system even at low concentrations.…”