Esterase D polymorphism: High-voltage agarose-gel electrophoresis and distribution of phenotypes in different European populations

Esterase D and Superoxide Dismutase Polymorphisms in Iraq

“…Est D1 is the common allele with frequencies ranging from 0.76 to 0.81 in the four samples. In the total Iraq sample its frequency is 0.79, significantly lower than the general frequencies in Europe of 0.88 [8,9] and in Negroes of 0.90 [9,12], but similar to that (0.77) in a sample of Asiatic Indians analyzed in England [8].…”

The World Distribution of the Electrophoretic Variants of the Red Cell Enzyme Esterase D

“…605 specimens were analysed by high voltage electrophoresis using Tris-citrateborate and lithium hydroxide buffer pH 7.5. The buffer composition and electrophoretic conditions were as described by Köster et al [10], For 1,800 red cell lysates horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was carried out using a citrate-phosphate buffer pH 5.9 as described by Welch [29]. Staining in both cases was carried out as described by Hopkinson er al.…”

“…Although a variable degree of hydrolysis of the fluorescent ester is also brought about by the esterases A, B and C, the hydrolytic activity of esterase D and carbonic anhydrase I in red cells is greater and virtually specific to the four methyl umbelliferone esters. Initially, for the detection of the esterase D polymorphism several studies employed starch gel electro phoresis, but equally reproducible results of the esterase D pattern have been obtained using other supporting media such as cellulose acetate and agarose [4,10].Using these electrophoretic techniques three common phenotypes (Es D-l, Es D2-I and Es D-2) have been described, controlled by alleles Es Z)1 and Es Dat a single locus, and the regularity of their inheritance has been well estab lished [3,8,23], In some populations, in addition to these two common autosomal alleles, two rare alleles Es D3 and Es D' have also been described [1, …”