Establishment of Populus deltoides Under Simulated Alluvial Groundwater Declines

Segelquist, Charles A.; Scott, Michael L.; Auble, Gregor T.

doi:10.2307/2426127

Cited by 93 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2). This kind of behaviour is typical of phreatophytes which track water tables with their roots and has been noted for other members of the Salicaceae family (for example, Rood 1991, 1992;Segelquist et al 1993;Barsoum and Hughes 1998;Francis et al 2005). The fluctuating water table regime (regime 2) used in the greenhouse experiment was designed to mimic the daily water level fluctuations measured between the dams in the Ume River where river stage levels can fluctuate between 0.1 and 1.0 m on a daily or weekly basis (Andersson et al 2000).…”

Section: Ssssupporting

confidence: 58%

The influence of hydrological regimes on sex ratios and spatial segregation of the sexes in two dioecious riparian shrub species in northern Sweden

et al. 2009

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River management practices have altered the hydrological regimes of many rivers and also altered the availability of regeneration niches for riparian species. We investigated the impact of changed hydrological regimes on the sex ratios and the Spatial Segregation of the Sexes (SSS) in the dioecious species Salix myrsinifolia Salisb.-phylicifolia L. and S. lapponum L.by studying the free-flowing Vindel River and the regulated Ume River in northern Sweden.We surveyed sex ratios of these species in 12 river reaches on the Vindel River and in 17 reaches on the Ume River. In addition we surveyed the sex and location above mean river stage of 1002 individuals across both river systems to investigate the SSS of both species.Cuttings were collected from male and female individuals of S. myrsinifolia-phylicifolia from both rivers and subjected to four different water table regimes in a greenhouse experiment to investigate growth response between the sexes. We found an M/F sex ratio in both river systems similar to the regional norm of 0.62 for S. myrsinifolia-phylicifolia and of 0.42 for S.lapponum. We found no evidence of SSS in either the free-flowing Vindel River or the regulated Ume River. In the greenhouse experiment, hydrological regime had a significant effect on shoot and root dry weight and on root length. Significantly higher shoot dry weights were found in females than in males and significantly different shoot and root dry weights were found between cuttings taken from the two rivers. We concluded that changed hydrological regimes are likely to alter dimensions of the regeneration niche and therefore to influence sex ratios and SSS at an early successional stage, making it difficult to find clear spatial patterns once these species reach maturity and can be sexed.2

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Section: Ssssupporting

confidence: 58%

The influence of hydrological regimes on sex ratios and spatial segregation of the sexes in two dioecious riparian shrub species in northern Sweden

et al. 2009

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“…During our experiment, Salix roots slowly continued to grow deeper into the saturated soil, whereas P. nigra roots remained in the top layer. A diminished root growth of P. nigra under saturated conditions has already been described by Segelquist et al (1993). Increased root depth of P. nigra in deeper soil layers after drought treatment might be triggered either by shortage of moisture, or by the removal of the inhibiting saturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Several studies have shown that the early life stages of floodplain forest species are susceptible to the fluctuating hydrological conditions on river banks (Douglas 1995;Fenner et al 1984;Sacchi and Price 1992;Segelquist et al 1993;Shafroth et al 1994). Rapidly declining water levels can cause severe drought at locations where germination occurs and this may be disastrous for the further development of seedlings on river banks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological responses of seedlings of four species of Salicaceae to drought

Splunder¹,

Voesenek²,

Coops³

et al. 1996

Can. J. Bot.

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The riparian distribution patterns of floodplain species are affected by fluctuations in water level. Rapidly declining water levels in river banks during the growing period of plants can result in limited availability of water, particularly on coarse substrates. Differences in drought resistance among Salix alba, Salix triandra, Salix viminalis, and Populus nigra, four species dominating river banks along the River Rhine, could explain part of the riparian distribution patterns. Mortality and growth responses of seedlings grown under well-watered and dry conditions were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Drought-induced mortality was 0% in S. alba and P. nigra, 37.5% in S. triandra, and 62.5% in S. viminalis, which correlated with differences in water-loss characteristics of the species studied: S. triandra and S. viminalis had much higher transpiration rates under well-watered conditions than S. alba and P. nigra. Decreased shoot to root ratios were observed in all species after 3 weeks of drought. The increase after drought of the root length to leaf area ratio was greatest for P. nigra, indicating that this species has a relatively efficient water economy. Specific leaf areas of draughted plants decreased in S. alba and P. nigra, reflecting smaller transpiration areas. Drought also affected root distributions, resulting for all four species in deeper rooting and increased root length in deeper soil layers. Salix viminalis and S. triandra showed the greatest increase in root length in deep soil layers. We concluded that P. nigra is most resistant to drought followed by S. alba and then S. triandra and S. viminalis, and that these differences are reflected in the distribution patterns of these species observed on the banks of the River Rhine. Keywords: drought resistance, Salix, Populus, root distribution, transpiration, leaf conductance.

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“…Therefore, to predict species dominance of future restored riparian communities, it is essential to evaluate the competitive abilities of cottonwood against varying densities of saltcedar under potential restoration conditions. Due to high initial seedling densities in the field, especially for saltcedars ([1,000 plants/m 2 vs. a high of about 15-20 plants/m 2 for cottonwoods, Bhattacharjee et al 2006), intra-and interspecific competition at the seedling stage is important in determining the structure of the succeeding plant community (Segelquist et al 1993;Stromberg 1997). Interspecific competition between cottonwood and saltcedar, and intraspecific competition within cottonwood, has been studied in greenhouse settings (Sher et al 2000;Sher and Marshall 2003); results suggest that cottonwood dominates saltcedar at certain densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling competition between native cottonwood and exotic saltcedar: implications for restoration

2008

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Altered hydrology of southwestern United States rivers has led to a decline in native cottonwood (Populus deltoides). Areas historically dominated by cottonwood have been replaced by invasive saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis). Restoration of historic hydrology through periodic flooding of riparian areas has been a means of restoring native species. However, due to similarity in germination requirements of cottonwoods and saltcedars, flooding may create an unwanted increase in the number of saltcedar seedlings. Therefore, we evaluated competitive aspects of these cooccurring species in an extant riparian habitat in the arid southwestern US. We measured effects of competition between cottonwood and saltcedar seedlings and among cottonwood seedlings during the first growing season following seedling establishment in 360, 0.5 9 0.5-m plots at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico. We used five interspecific density treatments and five intraspecific density treatments. Cottonwood seedling biomass and height were twice that of saltcedar seedlings across all density treatments. As density of cottonwood increased, intraspecific competition increased in severity and biomass of cottonwood seedlings decreased. At 4 plants/0.25 m 2 , cottonwood seedlings had the greatest biomass; whereas, survival was highest at 10 plants/ 0.25 m 2 . Our results support greenhouse studies and suggest that if favorable germination conditions are established for cottonwood in floodplains, saltcedar seedlings that cogerminate could be outcompeted by native cottonwood seedlings.

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Establishment of Populus deltoides Under Simulated Alluvial Groundwater Declines

Cited by 93 publications

References 19 publications

The influence of hydrological regimes on sex ratios and spatial segregation of the sexes in two dioecious riparian shrub species in northern Sweden

The influence of hydrological regimes on sex ratios and spatial segregation of the sexes in two dioecious riparian shrub species in northern Sweden

Morphological responses of seedlings of four species of Salicaceae to drought

Seedling competition between native cottonwood and exotic saltcedar: implications for restoration

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