Establishment of persistent infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus in BHK-21 cells

Abstract

BackgroundFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is able to cause persistent infection in ruminants besides acute infection and disease. Since the mechanisms of viral persistence and the determining factors are still unknown, in vitro systems help explore and reveal mechanisms of persistence in vivo by providing useful models for the study of RNA genome mutations and evolution. Ammonium chloride, a lysosomotropic agent that raises intralysosomal pH, reduces the yield of FMDV during infection of BHK-21 cells.ResultsThe persistent infection with FMDV serotype O in BHK-21 cells was selected and established readily after treatment of ammonium chloride that acts primarily on the cells. Intact virions were observed located inside the endosomes. Viral genome RNAs and specific proteins were detected in the persistent cells to validate the establishment of viral persistence. Infection of the persistent viruses could not form plaques in host cells but virulence was enhanced. Basing on analysis and comparison of cDNA sequences of resident viruses and wild type viruses, 15 amine acid mutations were found, all of which were located in nonstructural proteins rather than in structural proteins.ConclusionsTherefore, persistent infection of cell cultures with FMDV is successfully established with some distinctive features. It would be worthwhile to further investigate the mechanisms of viral persistence.

Immunoreactivity and trypsin sensitivity of recombinant virus-like particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus

“…This is in concurrence with earlier observation that FMDV particles locate into endosomes in the cytoplasm of infected BHK-Op48 cells (Huang et al, 2011). Taken together, our data demonstrate that expression of precursor polypeptide and mutant 3C in a single frame resulted in the production of structural proteins that self assembled into empty FMDVlike particles.…”

Establishment of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in MDBK cells

“…Moreover, the expression of viral antigens in these cells depended on cell density and increased with cell confluence. As described in other studies, no CPE was observed from passage 1 to 42, comparing persistently infected cultures with the corresponding uninfected cultures [25,40].…”

“…Recently, another model was established using FMDV serotype O and BHK-21 cells treated with ammonium chloride. [25]. Functional genomics studies in these persistently infected BHK-21 cells compared with acutely and mock-infected cells showed differences in 12 cellular gene expression patterns [53].…”

Clinically detection of foot and mouth disease at Kapasia upazila under Gazipur dristrict in Bangladesh

“…144.0 /animal), draught energy wastage average 12.48 kilo watt hr/animal, and land left uncultivated average .72/ animal (Rahman et al, 1985). A lot of epidemiological and molecular research works have been conducted on FMD virus but in clinical aspects has few studied in Bangladesh (Islam et al, 2000;Howlader et al, 2004;Sarker et al, 2011;Hossen et al, 2014;Rahman et al, 2015) and in the world (Edwards, 2004;Durand et al, 2008;Fernandez et al, 2008;Ryan et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2011). There is no published data so far on prevalence of FMD in Gazipur district of Bangladesh although this region has huge number of livestock population.…”