Establishment of Normal Range for Thromboelastography in Healthy Middle-Aged and Elderly People of Weihai in China

Abstract

TEG can monitor the dynamic changes of blood clot formation and lysis by activating the coagulation system of a small sample of whole blood in vitro. The parameters can reflect the level of coagulation factors, the function of fibrinogen and platelet, and the presence or absence of hyperfibrinolysis. At present, the normal reference range of the parameters of TEG is mainly based on the reference values established by the Western population. Due to the differences in the distribution of ethnic groups, many countries have established their reference ranges for healthy populations. In China, some scholars have tried to establish the corresponding TEG reference range according to the characteristics of the population in different regions. This study tried to establish the reference range for thromboelastography in healthy middle-aged and elderly people of Weihai in China and compare it with the reference range provided by the manufacturer. The fasting venous blood of 454 healthy middle-aged and elderly people was collected, including 239 males and 215 females. The thromboelastography TEG-5000 was used to measure the reaction time (R), coagulation formation time (K), coagulation angle (Angle), and maximum amplitude (MA). The reference range of TEG parameters of middle-aged and elderly healthy males was R: 4.38–8.27 min, K: 1.44–2.82 min, Angle: 48.53–72.17 deg, and MA: 51.95–72.02 mm; respectively, in the females, the normal value was R: 3.43–7.40 min, K: 1.07–2.53 min, Angle: 48.22–77.22 deg, and MA: 53.10–74.58 mm; The difference of R, K, Angle, and MA between the male group and the female group was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); In this study, if we use the reference range established by the manufacturer, the R specificity for males was 91.6%, K specificity was 98.7%, Angle specificity was 85.8%, and MA specificity was 93.7%; the range for females was 68.4%, 99.5%, 75.8%, and 87.4%, respectively. There are statistically significant differences between R, K, Angle, and MA in middle-aged and elderly healthy women and men. It is necessary to establish a TEG reference range for healthy females and males.

Clinical Manifestations of Inferior Vena Cava Injuries and the Progress of Emergency Treatment

“…The sites vulnerable to such injuries include IVC, abdominal aorta, and other organs. It has been reported that the incidence of complications associated with abdominal Trocar insertion is about 0.8 for every 1000 insertions performed [ 2 ]. Such conditions are more likely to happen at the departments of general surgery (the incidence being 0.5–5%) [ 3 ], hepatobiliary surgery, gynecology, chest surgery, and cardiology, where mature minimally invasive procedures, including radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation, are performed [ 4 – 6 ].…”

Analysis of Prescription Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Diabetes Treatment Based on Data Mining

“…In 2013, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) statistics: at present, 382 million people worldwide are threatened by DM. It is estimated that in the next 25 years, the number of people suffering from DM will reach or exceed 592 million [ 2 ]. Today, about 80% of DM patients in the world live in middle- or low-income countries.…”

Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Combined with Music Relaxation Therapy on the Self-Identity of College Students

“…Individual self-identity of college students has an important influence on stress coping level, anxiety, and depression, which is of great significance to the harmonious development of individual psychology [ 1 ]. Studies have shown that a high sense of self-identity is associated with mental health, while a low sense of self-identity is associated with depression.…”