Establishment of Hairy Root Cultures ofRhaponticum carthamoides(Willd.) Iljin for the Production of Biomass and Caffeic Acid Derivatives

Abstract

The aim of the study was to obtain transformed roots of Rhaponticum carthamoides and evaluate their phytochemical profile. Hairy roots were induced from leaf explants by the transformation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains A4 and ATCC 15834. The best response (43%) was achieved by infection with A4 strain. The effects of different liquid media (WPM, B5, SH) with full and half-strength concentrations of macro- and micronutrients on biomass accumulation of the best grown hairy root line (RC3) at two different lighting conditions (light or dark) were investigated. The highest biomass (93 g L−1 of the fresh weight after 35 days) was obtained in WPM medium under periodic light. UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3 and HPLC-PDA analyses of 80% aqueous methanol extracts from the obtained hairy roots revealed the presence of eleven caffeoylquinic acids and their derivatives and five flavonoid glycosides. The production of caffeoylquinic acids and their derivatives was elevated in hairy roots grown in the light. Only light-grown hairy roots demonstrated the capability for the biosynthesis of such flavonoid glycosides as quercetagetin, quercetin, luteolin, and patuletin hexosides. Chlorogenic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and a tentatively identified tricaffeoylquinic acid derivative were detected as the major compounds present in the transformed roots.

Potential of the genetically transformed root cultures of Plumbago europaea for biomass and plumbagin production

“…The similar effect of light on the biomass production of hairy root culture have been shown in Rhazya stricta . By contrast, in hairy root culture of Rhaponticum carthamoides , periodic light increased root biomass in comparison to dark condition . Incubation of the Ruta graveolens hairy root at light condition reduced the content of some metabolites in roots .…”

The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities

“…The transformation procedure, the establishment of hairy root cultures, and the obtainment of the roots of soil-grown plants have been described in our previous study [11]. The hairy roots were grown in liquid Woody Plant medium [13] on a rotary shaker at 80 rpm, under a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod with a light intensity of 40  μ mol m −2  s −1 .…”

“…The raw material of R. carthamoides comprises roots and rhizomes of three- to four-year-old plants which are used in various dietary supplements or nutraceutical preparations. The collection of raw material from natural habitat or cultivation is not effective because it requires the destruction of the whole plants [11]. An alternative may be the biotechnological approaches such as the hairy root cultures obtained by Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation.…”

“…The level of secondary metabolites in these cultures may be comparable to or higher than in roots of plants growing naturally [12]. In our previous study we obtained hairy roots of R. carthamoides and evaluated their phytochemical profile in methanol extract [11]. …”

Hydroxycinnamates from elecampane (Inula helenium L.) callus culture

“…(Abbasi et al 2007), Lactuca virosa L. (Stojakowska et al 2012) and Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin (Skała et al 2015) also accumulated substantial amounts of the hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Caffeic acid derivative contents in callus cultures of Asteraceae were lower than those in the corresponding root cultures.…”