Establishment of graded spinal cord injury model in a nonhuman primate: The common marmoset

Iwanami, Akio; Yamane, Junichi; Katoh, Hiroyuki; Nakamura, Masaya; Momoshima, Suketaka; Ishii, Hajime; Tanioka, Yoshikuni; Tamaoki, Norikazu; Nomura, Tatsuji; Toyama, Yoshiaki; Okano, Hideyuki

doi:10.1002/jnr.20435

Cited by 128 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(53 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, in a previous study, a specific marmoset behavior (head-cocking) was reported to occur on day 13 after birth and reach a stable level by days 24-29 [9] , over the same developmental period as our study. Motor performance has also been studied in several marmoset disease models, such as PD [10] , spinal cord injury [11] , stroke [12] , and aging models [13] . In the future, marmosets could be further used for developing models of other motor-related human diseases, such as transgenic models for motor-related genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor assessment of developing common marmosets

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motor development has been extensively studied in human infants and children, with several established scales for the evaluation of motor functions. However, the study of the neuronal mechanisms underlying human motor development is hampered by the lack of good animal models. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small New World monkey, has recently attracted much attention as a potential nonhuman primate model for understanding human physiology and diseases. However, little is known about its gross motor development. In the present study, we found that marmosets have a critical period for motor development in postnatal weeks 2 to 5, and acquire most of their motor skills by 8 weeks of age. We also developed methods to assess their motor functions, which will be useful for the evaluation of motor performance in marmoset models of human diseases. In addition, we found that marmosets exhibit a "head-to-tail" sequence of motor development similar to that found in humans, further supporting the notion that they provide a good animal model for studying the neuronal mechanisms underlying human motor development.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor assessment of developing common marmosets

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4,8 Although most of the literature involves thoracic-level injuries, the MASCIS impactor has been used to generate injury in the cervical spine in a rat model. 5 Weight-drop methods in the pig and dog that rely on similar principles as the MASCIS devices have recently been described.…”

Section: New York University (Nyu)/multicenter Animal Spinal Cord Injmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Nonhuman primate SCI models-including marmosets, macaques and squirrel monkeys-better approximate human SCI than rodent models, and they accommodate assessment of multiple recovery variables and rehabilitative therapy. 4 New world primates like marmosets confer advantages over old world primates as they are smaller, easier to handle, have a higher breeding efficiency and can be bred in experimental colonies. SCI models that incorporate large animals-such as pigs or dogs-can also be used when it is important for further validation of experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal cord injury models: a review

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Animal spinal cord injury (SCI) models have proved invaluable in better understanding the mechanisms involved in traumatic SCI and evaluating the effectiveness of experimental therapeutic interventions. Over the past 25 years, substantial gains have been made in developing consistent, reproducible and reliable animal SCI models. Study design: Review. Objective: The objective of this review was to consolidate current knowledge on SCI models and introduce newer paradigms that are currently being developed. Results: SCI models are categorized based on the mechanism of injury into contusion, compression, distraction, dislocation, transection or chemical models. Contusion devices inflict a transient, acute injury to the spinal cord using a weight-drop technique, electromagnetic impactor or air pressure. Compression devices compress the cord at specific force and duration to cause SCI. Distraction SCI devices inflict graded injury by controlled stretching of the cord. Mechanical displacement of the vertebrae is utilized to produce dislocation-type SCI. Surgical transection of the cord, partial or complete, is particularly useful in regenerative medicine. Finally, chemically induced SCI replicates select components of the secondary injury cascade. Although rodents remain the most commonly used species and are best suited for preliminary SCI studies, large animal and nonhuman primate experiments better approximate human SCI. Conclusion: All SCI models aim to replicate SCI in humans as closely as possible. Given the recent improvements in commonly used models and development of newer paradigms, much progress is anticipated in the coming years. Spinal Cord (2014) 52, 588-595; doi:10.1038/sc.2014.91; published online 10 June 2014 INTRODUCTIONSpinal cord injury (SCI) models have proved indispensible not only for investigating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions but also for better understanding the molecular pathways involved. SCI models have evolved significantly over the past century since Allen developed the first weight-drop contusion model in 1911. 1 SCI models aim to recreate features of human SCI as closely as possible. These models vary in terms of the animal utilized, site of injury infliction and injury mechanism.Rats are used most commonly in preliminary studies as they are relatively inexpensive, readily available and have demonstrated similar functional, electrophysiological, and morphological outcomes to humans following SCI. 2 Mice are particularly useful for genetic studies. 3 Nonhuman primate SCI models-including marmosets, macaques and squirrel monkeys-better approximate human SCI than rodent models, and they accommodate assessment of multiple recovery variables and rehabilitative therapy. 4 New world primates like marmosets confer advantages over old world primates as they are smaller, easier to handle, have a higher breeding efficiency and can be bred in experimental colonies. SCI models that incorporate large animals-such as pigs or dogs-can also be used when it is important for furth...

show abstract

“…Prior to any clinical trial of human CNS disorders using iPS cells, it will be essential to pre-evaluate each iPS cell clone carefully to be able to guarantee a safety level equal to other types of cells, such as hair follicle stem cells [45][46][47][48][49][50][51], multipotent skin-derived precursor cells [52,53], fetusderived neural stem/progenitor cells [54], and neural crest stem cells [55]. Moreover, experiments on primates will be essential, as preclinical studies before transplantation can be tried in SCI patients [56]. In the future, after rigorously evaluating its safety, we plan to conduct further studies in our own laboratory using human ES/iPS-cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation in a primate SCI model.…”

Section: Future Prospects and Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury by Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from iPS/ES Cells

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reports of functional recovery from spinal cord injury after the transplantation of rat fetus-derived neural stem cells and embryonic stem cells has raised great expectations for the successful clinical use of stem cell transplantation therapy. However, the ethical issues involved in destroying human embryos or fertilized oocytes to obtain stem cells have been a major obstacle to developing clinically useful stem cell sources, and the transplantation of stem cells isolated from other human embryonic tissues has not yet been developed for use in clinical applications. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells, which can serve as a source of cells for autologous transplantation, have been attracting a great deal of attention as a clinically viable alternative to stem cells obtained directly from tissues. In this review, we outline the neural induction of mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, their therapeutic efficacy in spinal cord injury, and their safety in vivo.

show abstract

Establishment of graded spinal cord injury model in a nonhuman primate: The common marmoset

Cited by 128 publications

References 39 publications

Motor assessment of developing common marmosets

Motor assessment of developing common marmosets

Spinal cord injury models: a review

Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury by Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from iPS/ES Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About