Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury by Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from iPS/ES Cells

Abstract

Reports of functional recovery from spinal cord injury after the transplantation of rat fetus-derived neural stem cells and embryonic stem cells has raised great expectations for the successful clinical use of stem cell transplantation therapy. However, the ethical issues involved in destroying human embryos or fertilized oocytes to obtain stem cells have been a major obstacle to developing clinically useful stem cell sources, and the transplantation of stem cells isolated from other human embryonic tissues has not yet been developed for use in clinical applications. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells, which can serve as a source of cells for autologous transplantation, have been attracting a great deal of attention as a clinically viable alternative to stem cells obtained directly from tissues. In this review, we outline the neural induction of mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, their therapeutic efficacy in spinal cord injury, and their safety in vivo.

Complete rat spinal cord transection as a faithful model of spinal cord injury for translational cell transplantation

“…In the last decade diverse cell-based therapies have shown certain potential incorporating new neural cells into the milieu of a traumatic spinal cord injury. These cell-based treatments are designed to regenerate or remyelinate axons providing new oligodendrocytes or simply reconnecting injured tissue with newly generated neurons12345678. However, a proper and standard animal model of injury will allow better understanding of the biological and molecular changes along the injury and easily set up a platform to test potential therapeutic strategies.…”

Cell Therapy of Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury Complications

“…После удаления росто-вых факторов и/или добавления сыворотки, взрослые НСК дифференцируются в нейроны, астроциты, олигодендроциты in vitro [47,51,52]. Также НСК могут быть непосредственно получены из фетальной ткани человека, или из плюрипотентных источников, таких как че-ловеческие эмбриональные стволовые клетки (ЭСК), или индуцированные плюрипотент-ные стволовые клетки (iPSC) [53].…”

Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord Regeneration

“…Similar to ES cells, iPSCs give rise to cells of all three germ layers (Takahashi and Yamanaka 2006 ). In the context of potential clinical applications, iPSC isolation from patient skin allows for autologous transplantation, thus avoiding ethical concerns and immunological problems (Salewski et al 2010 ;Fujimoto et al 2012 ;Tsuji et al 2011 ). However, the yield of iPSCs obtainable from adult skin biopsies remains rather low.…”