“…During the entire process, the cotyledon explants passed through several stages, which hinder their Agrobacterium-mediated regeneration ability as observed by Karthikeyan et al (2011) in rice transformations. The transformed regenerated plantlets were shifted to subsequent hardening, and a transformation efficiency of 14% was achieved (Table 1), which is significantly higher than earlier reports (Jun et al, 1995;Zhang et al, 2000;Lee et al, 2004;Ku et al, 2006;Min et al, 2007;Konagaya et al, 2013;Baskar et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2018;Li et al, 2021). Various transformation efficiencies (0.6-10.38%) in B. rapa L. ssp.…”