Establishing the Populations and Occupation Spans of Fort Johnson and Cantonment Davis, Hancock County, Illinois

Fishel, Richard L.

doi:10.1179/mca.2012.012

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“…Further, contamination occurs even in the absence of evidence for later prehistoric or historic habitation, perhaps as a function of reuse of old site areas for fields. For example, maize from the single-component early Late Woodland (Weaver phase, cal A.D. 350–650) Sartorius site (11HA360) in western Illinois (Fishel 2012:9) was dated to the nineteenth century (Simon 2014). This is interpreted as reflecting use of this space as a maize field during a time substantially postdating the prehistoric occupation (Simon 2014).…”

Section: Considerations For Evaluating Maize Macroremainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluating the Evidence for Middle Woodland Maize From the Holding Site

Simon¹

2017

Am. Antiq.

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Maize fragments recovered from the Middle Woodland Holding site (11MS118) in the American Bottom have for several decades been recognized as the oldest directly dated maize east of the Mississippi River. A reevaluation of maize samples from this site indicates that finding was in error. Carbon isotope assessment (δ13C ratios) run on the original samples dated in 1994 indicated that they were not maize. Six additional samples originally identified as maize were submitted to the Illinois State Geological Survey for carbon ratio assessment and direct accelerated mass spectrometry dating. Three of the fragments, including one from the same feature dated previously, returned non-maize δ13C ratios. The other three samples were correctly identified as maize, but all returned post–A.D. 900 dates. These results invalidate the original report of Middle Woodland maize at Holding and support our ongoing reevaluations of maize histories in the American Bottom and western Illinois, which show that it was not an important cultivated crop plant in this part of the Midwest until about A.D. 900.

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Section: Considerations For Evaluating Maize Macroremainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluating the Evidence for Middle Woodland Maize From the Holding Site

Simon¹

2017

Am. Antiq.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Establishing the Populations and Occupation Spans of Fort Johnson and Cantonment Davis, Hancock County, Illinois

Cited by 1 publication

References 1 publication

Reevaluating the Evidence for Middle Woodland Maize From the Holding Site

Reevaluating the Evidence for Middle Woodland Maize From the Holding Site

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