Establishing a new era of submarine volcanic observatories: Cabling Axial Seamount and the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Kelley, Deborah S.; Delaney, John R.; Juniper, S. Kim

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.010

Cited by 96 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Superimposed on this eruptive activity are continuous hydrothermal discharges at numerous sites within Axial's caldera and nearby. Within the caldera there are three main hydrothermal vent fields [ Kelly et al ., ]: CASM (Canadian American Seamount Expedition) at the northern end of the caldera, ASHES (Axial Seamount Hydrothermal Emissions Study) near the southwestern rim of the caldera, and International District in the southern rift zone. ASHES and CASM are sites we chose as source locations for tracer dispersion experiments that will be described later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation, hydrography, and transport over the summit of Axial Seamount, a deep volcano in the Northeast Pacific

Lavelle

2017

JGR Oceans

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A numerical model of ocean flow, hydrography, and transport is used to extrapolate observations of currents and hydrography and infer patterns of material flux in the deep ocean around Axial Seamount, a destination node of NSF's Ocean Observatories Initiative's Cabled Array. Using an inverse method, the model is made to approximate measured deep ocean flow around this site during a 35 day time period in the year 2002. The model is then used to extract month‐long mean patterns and examine smaller‐scale spatial and temporal variability around Axial. Like prior observations, model month‐long mean currents flow anticyclonically around the seamount's summit in toroidal form with maximum speeds at 1500 m depth of 10–11 cm/s. As a time mean, the temperature (salinity) anomaly distribution takes the form of a cold (briny) dome above the summit. Passive tracer material continually released at the location of the ASHES vent field exits the caldera primarily through its southern open end before filling the caldera. Once outside the caldera, the tracer circles the summit in clockwise fashion, fractionally reentering the caldera over lower walls at its north end, while gradually bleeding southwestward during the modeled time period into the ambient ocean. A second tracer release experiment using a source of only 2 day duration inside and near the CASM vent field at the northern end of the caldera suggests a residence time of the fluid at that locale of 8–9 days.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation, hydrography, and transport over the summit of Axial Seamount, a deep volcano in the Northeast Pacific

Lavelle

2017

JGR Oceans

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“…Broadly speaking, sites where telemetry from fixed point moorings is required can be classed into geographic regions related to water depth and the proximity to land. Coastal sites are often in range of cellular phone networks or radio transmitters, but further offshore requires the use of extensive cable infrastructure (e.g., Neptune Canada, (Barnes, ), and the Ocean Observing Initiative Cabled Continental Margin and Axial Seamount Arrays, (Kelley et al, )) or satellite communications. Deep water sites (water depth > 2,000 m), either close to or far from land, are most important for projects involved in collecting moored data for AMOC observing.…”

Section: Observational Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Observations of the AMOC: Methodology and Technology

McCarthy¹,

Brown

Flagg

et al. 2020

Reviews of Geophysics

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“…Hydrothermal venting along the Endeavour Segment (Figure ) results in the formation of sulfide‐sulfate‐silica deposits that rise up to 45 m above the seafloor and reach 50 m across [ Delaney et al ., ; Kelley et al ., ; Robigou et al ., ]. The mineralogical‐permeability relationships of the chimneys are highly variable depending on the “maturity” of the edifices [ Delaney et al ., ; Kelley et al ., ; Kristall et al ., ; Tivey and Delaney , ; Tivey et al ., ; Zhu et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inner portions of the chimneys are marked by anastomosing, discontinuous networks of channels through a sponge‐like matrix of amorphous silica and sulfide phases with lesser sulfate, and clay minerals resulting from seawater ingress, outflow of warm fluids, and conductive cooling [ Kristall et al ., ; Tivey and Delaney , ]. The highest temperature inner conduits are typically lined with chalcopyrite [ Kelley et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge

Lin

Eecke

Breves

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Rock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. M€ ossbauer, midinfrared thermal emission, and visible-near infrared spectroscopies were utilized for the first time to characterize vent mineralogy, in addition to thinsection petrography, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analyses. A 2828C venting chimney from the Bastille edifice was composed primarily of sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, marcasite, and sphalerite. In contrast, samples from a 3008C venting chimney from the Dante edifice and a 3218C venting chimney from the Hot Harold edifice contained a high abundance of the sulfate mineral anhydrite. Geochemical modeling of mixed vent fluids suggested the oxic-anoxic transition zone was above 1008C at all three vents, and that the thermodynamic energy available for autotrophic microbial redox reactions favored aerobic sulfide and methane oxidation. As predicted, microbes within the Dante and Hot Harold chimneys were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic aerobes of the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria. However, most of the microbes within the Bastille chimney were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobes of the Deltaproteobacteria, especially sulfate reducers, and anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea. The predominance of anaerobes in the Bastille chimney indicated that other environmental factors promote anoxic conditions. Possibilities include the maturity or fluid flow characteristics of the chimney, abiotic Fe 21 and S 22 oxidation in the vent fluids, or O 2 depletion by aerobic respiration on the chimney outer wall.

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Establishing a new era of submarine volcanic observatories: Cabling Axial Seamount and the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Cited by 96 publications

References 110 publications

Circulation, hydrography, and transport over the summit of Axial Seamount, a deep volcano in the Northeast Pacific

Circulation, hydrography, and transport over the summit of Axial Seamount, a deep volcano in the Northeast Pacific

Sustainable Observations of the AMOC: Methodology and Technology

Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge

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