Establishing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-immunoregulatory network associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to immunity and competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are believed to play a key role in the development of AD. Therefore, understanding the ceRNA network related to AD immunity will contribute to the identification of novel immunotherapeutic targets and provide new insights into AD from an immunological perspective.Methods: Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and Enrichr enrichment analysis were performed to identify the immune-related gene coexpression modules through microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified from the microarray through differential analysis and mapped with related databases. Cytoscape was used to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Subsequently, ImmuCellAI immune infiltration analysis was performed and a ceRNA sub-network of related core immune cells was constructed. Finally, the potential pathways related to these core factors were determined through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).Results: Through WGCNA analysis and enrichment analysis, the blue module and the green module were identified as key modules related to AD immunity. Naïve CD8 cells were shown to be the key immune cells related to AD. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves verified lncRNA Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 472 (LINC00472), lncRNA HLA Complex Group 18 (HCG18), RUNX Family Transcription Factor 3 (RUNX3), Tensionin 1 (TNS1), Linker For Activation Of T Cells Family Member 2 (LAT2), and Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 (SLC38A2) as possible key targets related to AD immunity.

JUN and PDGFRA as Crucial Candidate Genes for Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…ImmuCellAI ( http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/ImmuCellAI#!/ ) can estimate the abundance and differences in the infiltration of 24 types of immune cells (Miao et al, 2020 ), which has been well used for cancer and non-cancer tissue such as brain (Li et al, 2022 ). We analyzed the immune cell types, including 18 T-cell subtypes and 6 other immune cells: B cell, NK cell, Monocyte cell, Macrophage cell, Neutrophil cell and DC cell, in all cerebellum samples.…”

Profiling of long non-coding RNAs in hippocampal–entorhinal system subfields: impact of RN7SL1 on neuroimmune response modulation in Alzheimer’s disease

“…For instance, Tan et al identified 17 lncRNAs, including LINC00507 , involved in competing endogenous RNA networks influencing ferroptosis-related molecular patterns and immune characteristics in AD [ 65 ]. Li et al also identified lncRNAs, including LINC00472 , that participate in immune pathways related to CD8 + T cells, thereby influencing AD pathology [ 66 ].…”

Integrated analysis and identification of hub genes as novel biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

“…Macrophages (microglia), which are the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, are pivotal in maintaining immune defense and homeostasis ( Madore et al, 2020 ). In AD, it is clued that CD8 cells was the key immune cells ( Li et al, 2022 ). Eosinophils, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages and CD8 cells were relevant to AD, especially M1 macrophages ( Liu et al, 2022 ).…”