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ResumoO trabalho objetivou a elaboração de farofa salgada, composta de sementes oleaginosas e castanha de caju, bem como a avaliação de seus atributos nutricionais, comparando-os às recomendações atuais de ingestão e sua aceitação sensorial. As matérias-primas utilizadas na elaboração da farofa foram: gergelim, linhaça dourada, girassol, soja tostada, aveia, fl ocos de milho, gérmen de trigo, castanha de caju, farinha de milho, óleo de girassol, tempero desidratado e sal. A análise sensorial foi realizada por 120 avaliadores, voluntários, não treinados, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do campus. A análise físico-química foi realizada considerando teores de fi bra alimentar total, solúvel, insolúvel; ácidos graxos; gorduras saturadas, monoinsaturadas, poli-insaturadas, trans; índice de peróxidos e estabilidade oxidativa. Quanto à fi bra total, a porção de 30 g apresentou 11% dos valores diários recomendados; ácidos graxos ω-6 e ω-3, com proporção de 5:1, razão adequada segundo as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde; ácido graxo oleico representou 15 g da composição lipídica do produto. Quanto à estabilidade, a farofa mostrou-se estável pelo método Rancimat e índice de peróxido aceitável pela legislação brasileira. Apresentou excelente aceitação entre os avaliadores, com 98% de aprovação e 89% de intenção de compra.Palavras-chave: Fibra dietética; MUFA; PUFA. SummaryThe objectives of the research were to elaborate a savoury "farofa" (*) containing oil seeds and cashew nuts, and also evaluate its nutritional attributes, comparing them with those of the current dietary intake recommendations. The sensory acceptance was also determined. The raw materials used in the preparation of the farofa were: sesame; golden fl axseed; sunfl ower; toasted soybeans; oats; corn fl akes; wheat germ; cashew nut; corn fl our; sunfl ower oil; dehydrated seasoning and salt. The sensory analysis was carried out by 120 untrained volunteers of both sexes, who regularly frequented the campus. A physicochemical analysis was also carried out determining the total dietary fi bre content as well as the soluble and insoluble fi bre contents; fatty acids; saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, trans fats; peroxide index and oxidative stability. As for total fi bre, a 30 g portion presented 11% of the recommended daily values; the ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids showed a ratio of 5: 1, which is adequate according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization; and oleic acid represented 15 g of the lipid composition of the product. The mixture was stable according to the Rancimat method and the peroxide index was acceptable according to Brazilian legislation. The product showed excellent acceptance amongst the volunteers, with 98% of approval and 89% of purchasing intention.
ResumoO trabalho objetivou a elaboração de farofa salgada, composta de sementes oleaginosas e castanha de caju, bem como a avaliação de seus atributos nutricionais, comparando-os às recomendações atuais de ingestão e sua aceitação sensorial. As matérias-primas utilizadas na elaboração da farofa foram: gergelim, linhaça dourada, girassol, soja tostada, aveia, fl ocos de milho, gérmen de trigo, castanha de caju, farinha de milho, óleo de girassol, tempero desidratado e sal. A análise sensorial foi realizada por 120 avaliadores, voluntários, não treinados, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do campus. A análise físico-química foi realizada considerando teores de fi bra alimentar total, solúvel, insolúvel; ácidos graxos; gorduras saturadas, monoinsaturadas, poli-insaturadas, trans; índice de peróxidos e estabilidade oxidativa. Quanto à fi bra total, a porção de 30 g apresentou 11% dos valores diários recomendados; ácidos graxos ω-6 e ω-3, com proporção de 5:1, razão adequada segundo as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde; ácido graxo oleico representou 15 g da composição lipídica do produto. Quanto à estabilidade, a farofa mostrou-se estável pelo método Rancimat e índice de peróxido aceitável pela legislação brasileira. Apresentou excelente aceitação entre os avaliadores, com 98% de aprovação e 89% de intenção de compra.Palavras-chave: Fibra dietética; MUFA; PUFA. SummaryThe objectives of the research were to elaborate a savoury "farofa" (*) containing oil seeds and cashew nuts, and also evaluate its nutritional attributes, comparing them with those of the current dietary intake recommendations. The sensory acceptance was also determined. The raw materials used in the preparation of the farofa were: sesame; golden fl axseed; sunfl ower; toasted soybeans; oats; corn fl akes; wheat germ; cashew nut; corn fl our; sunfl ower oil; dehydrated seasoning and salt. The sensory analysis was carried out by 120 untrained volunteers of both sexes, who regularly frequented the campus. A physicochemical analysis was also carried out determining the total dietary fi bre content as well as the soluble and insoluble fi bre contents; fatty acids; saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, trans fats; peroxide index and oxidative stability. As for total fi bre, a 30 g portion presented 11% of the recommended daily values; the ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids showed a ratio of 5: 1, which is adequate according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization; and oleic acid represented 15 g of the lipid composition of the product. The mixture was stable according to the Rancimat method and the peroxide index was acceptable according to Brazilian legislation. The product showed excellent acceptance amongst the volunteers, with 98% of approval and 89% of purchasing intention.
Background: Human milk is considered the best source of nutrition for young infants. However, if mothers cannot provide adequate breast milk or if infants are premature or have a low birth weight, breast-feeding must often be replaced or complemented with infant formulas (IFs). The interactions between infant formula components (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamin and minerals) mainly affect carbohydrates and proteins (Maillard reaction, MR), but those involving proteins are especially important in products used in infant feeding because of the high protein requirements of infants. On the other hand, fatty acids (FAs) are considered important in infant development. Objectives: The aim of the present work was to test the stability of IFs made with different ingredients, analyzing the available lysine losses (for protein stability) and the FAs content and the peroxide value (for fat stability) during stored at normal and adverse conditions and to propose a faster control of that stability. Methods: Available lysine analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), lipid oxidation by titrimetric method and FAs profile by gas chromatography (GC) were determined in four types of IFs prepared with intact and partially hydrolyzed proteins and different carbohydrates (lactose or maltodextrins) during storage at 4, 20 and 30 ºC for 24 months at normal water activity (Aw=0.1-0.4), and at Aw of 0.65 at 20 and 30 ºC for 4 weeks. These IFs were prepared twice (IF 1 and IF 2 ) in different batches by a Spanish dietary product company. Results: At 30ºC, available lysine losses were 40-50% in all IFs analyzed. The behavior and percentage lysine loss between 1 and 4 weeks of storage at 30 °C with Aw=0.65 was similar to those obtained after 24 months of storage at 30 °C. No significant changes were observed in fatty acid profile during storage. Oxidation was only observed in opened packs and after 4 weeks/30 °C/Aw=0.65. Conclusions: The losses of available lysine increase to higher time and storage temperatures. The FAs shows a good stability for any storage condition; however peroxide values prove more sensitive than FAs changes for evaluating fat oxidation during the storage of IFs.
Os lipídios em alimentos são analisados, de forma convencional, em duas etapas: extração com solvente orgânico ereação de esterificação da gordura, neste caso o tipo de gordura de cada alimento influencia na escolha dos reagentes da extração e esterificação. No método direto, estes procedimentos são realizados em uma etapa única. Este trabalho comparou a metodologia convencional de extração e quantificação de lipídios e ácidos graxos, com um método direto em fórmula infantil. Foi utilizada uma amostra de referência de fórmula infantil com valores certificados para lipídios e ácidos graxos da Nacional Institute of Standards and Technology. A metodologia convencional para a análise de lipídios empregou método com hidrólise ácida; para a determinação dos ácidos graxos, a gordura foi extraída com uma mistura de éter etílico e éter de petróleo. O método direto fundamentou-se na transesterificação direta com metóxido de sódio. Na análise dos ácidos graxos, a maioria dos resultados demonstrou valores estatisticamente iguais (α < 0,05) para os dois métodos. O método direto demonstrou ser apropriado, principalmente pela diminuição do tempo de análise e quantidade de solventes.
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