Estabilidad temporal de las infracomunidades de parásitos en la borrachilla Scartichthys viridis (Valenciennes, 1836) (Pisces : Blenniidae) en la costa central de Chile

Abstract

Estabilidad temporal de las infracomunidades de parásitos en la borrachilla Scartichthys viridis (Valenciennes, 1836) Se recolectaron 10 taxa parasitarios en cerca del 89 % de los 63 huéspedes examinados, de los cuales ocho eran metazoarios. La búsqueda de protozoos se realizó sólo en los últimos 2 años. El 75 % de los ocho taxa de metazoos ocurrieron en los tres años, uno no estuvo presente en un año, y otro fue encontrado solamente en un año. La mayoría de los huéspedes examinados albergaba protozoos parásitos. La prevalencia de los protozoos Cryptobia sp. fue alta para ambos años, y menor en Trichodina sp. La longitud total de los huéspedes era un predictor relevante de las variaciones en la riqueza, abundancia, diversidad y composición infracomunitaria en el conjunto de los tres años. En cambio, el año de muestreo no lo fue, en particular al comparar entre huéspedes de similar longitud total. Estos resultados son similares a los encontrados en infracomunidades de parásitos de otras especies de peces en Chile, en que hay baja variabilidad en las propiedades agregadas de las infracomunidades en el tiempo cronológico. Se discute acerca de la extensión relativa del tiempo ontogenético en contraste al tiempo cronológico al ser probablemente ambos de importancia en las características de las infracomunidades, y se propone que se explore la medida en la cual estos resultados constituyen un patrón.Palabras clave: estabilidad temporal, infracomunidades de parásitos, Scartichthys viridis, Chile. ABSTRACTParasite infracommunities of the blenny Scartichthys viridis (Pisces: Blenniidae) are compared among three samples taken within a 17-month period during three consecutive years (1999)(2000)(2001), from intertidal pools at Las Cruces (33°27' S, 71°37' W), central Chile. Our goal is to assess if the richness, diversity, abundance and composition of parasite infracommunities are persistent or not through chronological time, as well as throughout the ontogeny of this herbivorous intertidal blenny. Ten parasitic taxa were found in ca. 89 % of all 63 host blennies examined, eight of which were metazoans. Protozoans were looked for in the last 2 years of the study only. Seventy five percent of all eight metazoan taxa occurred in all three years, one was absent in one year, and another was present in one only. Most of the blennies harbored protozoans. Prevalence of protozoan Cryptobia sp. was high in both years and lower in Trichodina sp. In the overall sample, total host body length was a relevant predictor of the variations in composition, richness, total abundance and diversity of parasite infracommunities. In contrast, the year of sampling was not, especially when infracommunities compared came from hosts of similar body size. These results agree with those of parasite infracommunities found in other fish host species in Chile, in that there is low compositional and aggregated variability along chronological time. The relative extension of ontogenetic versus chronological time is a subject to be explored further with res...

Seasonal variation in metazoan parasites of Trichiurus lepturus (Perciformes: Trichiuridae) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…The aim of studying the population and community ecology of fish parasites is to determine their natural modifications, including both biotic and abiotic factors of the host-parasite system that affect its dynamics (Díaz and George-Nascimento, 2002). A large number of processes have been suggested to influence the seasonal variation in parasite communities in temperate regions, for example, temperature and other abiotic factors, abundance of intermediate hosts, changes in the abundance of hosts, food and reproductive behaviour and host immunity (Chubb, 1979;Šimková, 2005, among others).…”

“…Processes such as variations in temperature and other abiotic factors, the abundance of intermediate hosts, changes in abundance, reproductive behaviour and diet of definitive hosts and factors related to host immunity have been suggested to influence the seasonal variation in communities of parasites of marine fish in tropical and sub-tropical regions (Chubb, 1979;Klimpel et al, 2003;Zander, 2003;Felis and Esch, 2004;Šimková, 2005). Moreover, studies have shown little quantitative variation in populations and communities of parasites of marine fish, suggesting that habitat use, foraging behaviour and the ontogeny of the hosts, along with variations in biotic and abiotic factors, are determinant factors in the parasite system, which is characterised by low colonisation rates and high residence time (Díaz and George-Nascimento, 2002;Timi and Poulin, 2003;González and Poulin, 2005).…”

Variaciones espacio temporales de la estructura comunitaria de endoparasitos en peces intermareales de Chile central: descriptores parasitologicos, composicion de especies y anidamiento

“…Sin embargo, algunos cambios son puntuales y menos predecibles (e.g., modificación y destrucción del hábitat, cambios en las características físicas y químicas del entorno por contaminación, eventos meteorológicos atípicos), aunque igualmente podrían afectar la estructura de las comunidades. Estudios previos han mostrado que los peces costeros presentan comunidades estables entre años consecutivos (Balboa & George-Nascimento, 1998;Díaz & George-Nascimento, 2002;Muñoz & Cortés, 2009), pero con variación a escala estacional (Muñoz & Delorme, 2011;Muñoz & Randhawa, 2011), relacionado con los efectos del clima, la época de reproducción y el reclutamiento de los peces en la zona rocosa costera.…”

“…Son diversos los trabajos que han estudiado la persistencia espacial o temporal en las infracomunidades de parásitos a través de la evaluación de la similitud en la composición de especies, la diversidad u otros índices comunitarios (Balboa & GeorgeNascimento, 1998;Díaz & George-Nascimento, 2002;Timi & Poulin, 2003;González & Poulin, 2005). Varios estudios han abordado la organización y existencia de estructura en las comunidades de parásitos y los factores que influyen en ella, mediante el uso de modelos basados en patrones nulos, siendo el índice de anidamiento uno de los modelos más empleados (Poulin, 1996(Poulin, , 1998(Poulin, , 2001Rohde et al, 1998;Poulin & Valtonen, 2002;González & Poulin, 2005).…”

Seasonal variability of the composition and structure of parasite communities of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (Perciformes: Sparidae) off Brazil

“…However, many of them did not consider spatial and temporal variations in community structure, and thus the detection of relevant local or short-term processes (Poulin & Valtonen, 2002). Studies related with the population and community ecology of fi sh parasites are carry out in order to determine their natural modifi cations, including both biotic and abiotic factors of the host-parasite system that affect its dynamics (Díaz & George-Nascimento, 2002). Processes such as variations in temperature and other abiotic factors, the abundance of intermediate hosts, changes in abundance, reproductive behaviour and diet of defi nitive hosts and factors related to host immunity have been suggested to infl uence the seasonal variation in communities of parasites of marine fi sh in tropical regions (Carvalho & Luque, 2011;Soares et al, 2014).…”