Essentials of glycobiology

Wiederschain, G. Ya.

doi:10.1134/s0006297909090156

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…FUT7 and ST3GAL1 attach fucose in α1-3 linkage to LacNAc moieties, and catalyze the transfer of N-Acetylneuraminic acid in α2-3 on Gal residues, respectively [86, 87]. These enzymes are involved in the synthesis of pro-tumor antigens sialyl Lewis x (sialyl-Le x ) and sialyl Lewis a (sialyl-Le a ), carbohydrate ligands of endothelial E-selectin, which contributes to hematogenous metastasis [84].…”

Section: Hypoxia Regulates Glycosyltransferases Glycosidases and Nucmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycosidases also participate in glycosylation reactions, removing monosaccharides to form intermediates, especially in the formation of N-glycans [87]. Aberrant sialylation is a characteristic feature of cancer cells, and has been proposed to be associated with malignant phenotypes, including invasiveness and metastatic potential [88].…”

Section: Hypoxia Regulates Glycosyltransferases Glycosidases and Nucmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycobiology Modifications in Intratumoral Hypoxia: The Breathless Side of Glycans Interaction

Silva-filho¹,

Sena²,

Lima

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Post-translational and co-translational enzymatic addition of glycans (glycosylation) to proteins, lipids, and other carbohydrates, is a powerful regulator of the molecular machinery involved in cell cycle, adhesion, invasion, and signal transduction, and is usually seen in both in vivo and in vitro cancer models. Glycosyltransferases can alter the glycosylation pattern of normal cells, subsequently leading to the establishment and progression of several diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, a growing amount of research has shown that different oxygen tensions, mainly hypoxia, leads to a markedly altered glycosylation, resulting in altered glycan-receptor interactions. Alteration of intracellular glucose metabolism, from aerobic cellular respiration to anaerobic glycolysis, inhibition of integrin 3α1β translocation to the plasma membrane, decreased 1,2-fucosylation of cell-surface glycans, and galectin overexpression are some consequences of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Additionally, increased expression of gangliosides carrying N-glycolyl sialic acid can also be significantly affected by hypoxia. For all these reasons, it is possible to realize that hypoxia strongly alters glycobiologic events within tumors, leading to changes in their behavior. This review aims to analyze the complexity and importance of glycoconjugates and their molecular interaction network in the hypoxic context of many solid tumors.

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Section: Hypoxia Regulates Glycosyltransferases Glycosidases and Nucmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypoxia Regulates Glycosyltransferases Glycosidases and Nucmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycobiology Modifications in Intratumoral Hypoxia: The Breathless Side of Glycans Interaction

Silva-filho¹,

Sena²,

Lima

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Specific sugar molecules, such as galactose and mannose, are recognized by carbohydrate-binding proteins (i.e., lectins) present on a variety of cell surfaces [64]. These interactions can be utilized for sugar-mediated targeting by decorating the carrier surface with sugars, known as glycosylation.…”

Section: Sugar-based Carriers For Targeted Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These interactions can be utilized for sugar-mediated targeting by decorating the carrier surface with sugars, known as glycosylation. Once glycosylated particles are bound to the lectins or vice versa, receptor-mediated endocytosis occurs, where the particles are internalized by the cell [64]. The process of endocytosis begins with invagination of the cellular membrane which results in particle uptake, internal vesicle (i.e., endosome) formation, and internalization of extracellular particles.…”

Section: Sugar-based Carriers For Targeted Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing polymers with sugar-based advantages for bioactive delivery applications

Zhang

Chan

Moretti

et al. 2015

Journal of Controlled Release

104

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Sugar-based polymers have been extensively explored as a means to increase drug delivery systems’ biocompatibility and biodegradation. Here, we review the use of sugar-based polymers for drug delivery applications, with a particular focus on the utility of the sugar component(s) to provide benefits for drug targeting and stimuli-responsive systems. Specifically, numerous synthetic methods have been developed to reliably modify naturally-occurring polysaccharides, conjugate sugar moieties to synthetic polymer scaffolds to generate glycopolymers, and utilize sugars as a multifunctional building block to develop sugar-linked polymers. The design of sugar-based polymer systems has tremendous implications on both the physiological and biological properties imparted by the saccharide units and are unique from synthetic polymers. These features include the ability of glycopolymers to preferentially target various cell types and tissues through receptor interactions, exhibit bioadhesion for prolonged residence time, and be rapidly recognized and internalized by cancer cells. Also discussed are the distinct stimuli-sensitive properties of saccharide-modified polymers to mediate drug release under desired conditions. Saccharide-based systems with inherent pH- and temperature-sensitive properties, as well as enzyme-cleavable polysaccharides for targeted bioactive delivery, are covered. Overall, this work emphasizes inherent benefits of sugar-containing polymer systems for bioactive delivery.

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“…The structural variation of the lipid parts and especially the diversity of the carbohydrate components lead to an enormously large depository of natural GSLs. [1] These biomacromolecules play numerous crucial functions related to human physiology and pathology, [2] such as protein sorting, signal transduction, membrane trafficking, viral and bacterial infection, as well as cell-cell communications. [3] Due to the increasing recognition of their vital roles and their potential biomedical applications, naturally occurring GSLs are attractive targets as cancer biomarkers and vaccines.…”

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confidence: 99%

A General Chemoenzymatic Strategy for the Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids

Liu

Wen

et al. 2016

Eur J Org Chem

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A concise, prototypical, and stereoselective strategy for the synthesis of therapeutically and immunologically significant glycosphingolipids has been developed. This strategy provides a universal platform for glycosphingolipid synthesis by block coupling of enzymatically prepared free oligosaccharideglycans to lipids using glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates as efficient activated intermediates. As demonstrated here, two different types of glycosphingolipids were obtained in excellent yields using the method.

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Essentials of glycobiology

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Glycobiology Modifications in Intratumoral Hypoxia: The Breathless Side of Glycans Interaction

Glycobiology Modifications in Intratumoral Hypoxia: The Breathless Side of Glycans Interaction

Designing polymers with sugar-based advantages for bioactive delivery applications

A General Chemoenzymatic Strategy for the Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids

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